Motivational Techniques

Motivationals methods in Switzerland MOTIVATIONAL METHODS THAT ARE MOST EFFECTIVE IN EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Robert Gordon University – Business and Hotel Management School BA Hotel and Hospitality Management Course BS 3149 Research Methods for Business Students Module coordinator: Ms Heather Robinson Submission date: 9th April 2013 Student ID No. : 1219453 Word Count: 2008 1. TOPIC: Motivational methods that are most effective in hospitality employee motivation 2. QUESTION: What are the most successful methods to motivate restaurant employees in Switzerland? . ARTICLES ANKLI, R. E. , PALLIAM, R. , (2012). Enabling a motivated workforce: exploring the sources of motivation. Development and Learning in Organizations, 26(2), pp. 7 – 10 BASSETT-JONES, N. , LLOYD, G. C. , (2005). Does Herzberg's motivation theory have staying power?. Journal of Management Development, 24(10), pp. 929 – 943 ESKILDSEN, J. K. , KRISTENSEN, K. , and WESTLUND, A. H. , (2004). Work motivation and job satisfaction in the Nordic countries. Employee Relations, 26(2), pp. 122 – 136 LEE-ROSS, D. , (2005).Perceived job characteristics and internal work motivation: An exploratory cross-cultural analysis of the motivational antecedents of hotel workers in Mauritius and Australia. Journal of Management Development, 24(3), 253 – 266. STAMOV-ROSSNAGEL, C. , and HERTEL, G. , (2010). Older workers' motivation: against the myth of general decline. Management Decision, 48(6), 894 – 906. WHEELER, A. R. , BUCKLEY, M. R. , (2001). Examining the motivation process of temporary employees: A holistic model and research framework.Journal of Managerial Psychology, 16(5), pp. 339 – 354. OTHER SOURCES HERZBERG, F. , MAUSNER, B. , and SNYDERMAN, B. B. , 1959. Motivation to work. New York: Transaction Publishers. 4. RATIONALE The researcher believes that the topic selected is very significant for the restaurant and hospitality industry today and plays a key role in maxi mizing profit as motivating the workforce would further help in better service, food quality and even ability to retain customers up to a certain degree.According to Stamov-Rossnagel and Hertel (2010), the motivational factors depends on quite a wide range of possibilities, however one of them include the work environment, peers and the need to compete with the attainments of another worker in the same entity. These workers are motivated when they have the proper equipment desired for performing a specific task and are regularly updated with the latest equipment which would aid them in their tasks at work.When these workers feel that they are being monitored and are cared for by providing the equipment, proper working conditions, they inevitably feel the urge to perform better and are motivated. However, occasionally, the range of tasks in a job may not be as motivating as the particular task that the worker is interested in. Monitoring these tasks which motivate a worker should be specifically assigned to them to improve productivity. Managers should limit and avoid the use of any sort of cultural or ethical background about an employee while trying to judge the work or motivating him (Lee-Ross, 2005).Various western companies observed and practiced the approach of participative leadership and style of work which involved the decisions and views of every worker, which would indirectly rise their esteem and motivate them. Deference and responsibility are two highly important motivators. Individuals also have personal goals and if they are similar to those of the enterprise, then motivation is a very simple process. However, identifying the aims and goals of employees is mandatory to link it in a way to that of the organization and excel in revenues and market productivity.These individuals could bring up several innovative techniques and ideas, especially when they are at the prime of motivation level. Hence, the goals and aims of individuals matter largely in an enterprise for it to accelerate in the market. Temporary employees are a very common trend in today’s era where enormous multinational and private companies employee them specifically for reducing cost and being able to manipulate the schedule of the part time or temporary employees (Wheeler and Buckley, 2001).However, many private companies employee temporary employees and are expecting them to be motivated for the job. The full time workers also lose interest in explaining the part time workers about the work flow and the importance of following a systematic approach to every method and hence, the temporary workers do not feel the urge to perform better and accelerate in their position. The temporary workers are kept apart from the important decisions being taken in the organization and are isolated, especially in MNC’s such as McDonald’s Burger King and other various different fast food restaurants.However, this also implies to certain other casual restau rants which employs interns and other part time workers who as well are not motivated enough to put their efforts into the enterprise. The researcher explored the literature and identified the following few advantages of motivating people: 1. Creates an enthusiastic workforce 2. Enables the opportunity to resolve any confrontation within minutes and boost staff morale 3. Increases revenue of the restaurant . Eliminates the necessity of monitoring staff According to Eskildsen, Kristensen, and Westlund, (2004) women are more satisfied than men regarding job satisfaction, employees with higher level of education need not necessarily be more satisfied, but at time could even result to be the contrary. However, education level does not have an impact on intrinsic factors, whereas managerial positioned workers are more satisfied with their jobs.The Herzberg theory states that the motivational factors are divided into two main parts, the first known as the hygiene factors which are related to salary, working conditions and team work while the latter is related to motivational means (Bassett-Jones and Lloyd, 2005). Motivational means are based solely on 3 major factors, ability to exercise, opportunity to practice and feedback to self. These are explained in the book by Herzberg, Mausner and Snyderman (1959) which describe the hygiene factors offered by the employer simply as ‘KITA’ or kick in the ass, which does not motivate one but rather threatens them to work harder in a way.If one possess the ability to perform or has a skill such as communication, service, cooking etc. he/she will be aiming to achieve better goals in life. However, if the person does not have the equipment and other necessary means to practice his skills, he will not be able to perform to the best and would not be motivated. This later includes a feedback, which may not always come from a higher authority but even from self helps. These are the 3 basic necessities for motivation and is related to every industry. 5. AIMS: The aim of this research paper is to analyse the best method(s) for motivating restaurant employees in Switzerland. . OBJECTIVES: To review past and current methods of employee motivation To examine the difference between employee motivation methods in different restaurants in Switzerland To evaluate the most used methods applied by employers and their effectiveness 7. METHODOLOGY The researcher was enthusiastic about collecting primary data and is looking forth to setup a network for communicating between several restaurants in Switzerland regarding the motivational techniques widely used within the restaurant for backing up employees for further work.The research philosophy surfaced as realism as the methods and techniques are applicable in the practical life and need to be reviewed once again for a more clear vision. Deductive approach was the best suited style for this kind of research where the researcher evaluated different concepts and theories set ahead of him by different philosophers and psychologists studying the area of motivation of employees in any type of an industry and a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative analysis were both necessary in such a project.Qualitative analysis hung on the literature and journal articles and will also include the surveys spread throughout certain restaurants in Switzerland, and the researcher would later interview and question the owner of a famous Indian restaurant in Zurich, Switzerland which is known for motivating its employees to a very high degree and enabling them to monitor and manage a restaurant solo.The researcher will distribute a questionnaire amongst 30 different employees of several restaurants in Luzern and in Zurich and also to 3-5 different restaurant managers for feedback regarding the motivational methods and techniques abundant in the vicinity. The sampling technique is non-probability, purposive method and focuses on only a niche of the populati on. Calculating the results from both the employer and employee would enlarge the scope of research and present forward a more ransparent knowledge of motivational means applied. The Fredrick Herzberg theory of motivational and hygienic factors are quite relevant to this focus topic and go hand in hand with the ideas of the researcher. The practical world believes in money being a very heavy motivator and as well as job security, working conditions and benefits. The researcher claims it to be false and would like to prove it on paper. 8. DRAFT QUESTIONS My name is Ankit Sharma and I am a student of Business and Hotel Management School in Luzern, Switzerland.This research survey will give me concrete evidence towards my project, ‘What are the most successful methods to motivate restaurant employees in Switzerland’ and aid me in my Research and Methodology class. The questions will be regarding the factors that will motivate the employees in a restaurant oriented job and the answers will be kept anonymous and confidential and used only for research purposes. Questionnaire 1 What are the factors that motivate you to work? Name: Age: Sex:Nationality: American African European Asian Other 1) From a scale of 1 to 4, 1 being very satisfied, how satisfied are you with your job? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 2) What is the first feature you look at when accepting a job? a. Pay b. Work hours c. Type of job d. Location 3) Your average daily work hours ranges from: a. 6-7 b. 7-8 c. 8-10 d. 10+ 4) Which of the following factors motivate you? a. Money b. Special benefits c. New challenges daily d. Job security 5) What is your average monthly income? a.

Cyber Crime Narrative Report Essay

On the 23rd day of November at the Auditorium of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology Main Campus Sumacab Este, Cabanatuan City, 4th year students of College of Information and Communication Technology held a seminar about Cyber Crime Law and Ethics for IT Professionals. At 12:00 o’clock noon, I and my classmates were met at the gate of the school. When they come all, simultaneously we went to the auditorium and sat in our seats. When the time comes where we start the seminar, Ma’am Ruth thought us a very simple action song. And after that Ma’am Ruth called Ma’am Gloria Alcantara to introduce our first speaker at our seminar. Our Speaker is also a product of our school Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, he was an Engineering student in their time, in his college life he received many awards, he is also a product of Nueva Ecija High School and as expected he received many awards like his college life. After he graduated in our School at he decide to be a Law Students At Aurollio University after that as expected he passed the bar examination, he was the legal consultant of Municipality of Laur and Municipalty of Gen. Natividad Nueva Ecija.His name is Engr. Atty. Bembol D. Castillo. Atty Bembol asked us many questions like â€Å" Pagkatapos nyo makagradute Saan Kayo pupunta? â€Å" and also he joked us and he said â€Å" Magiging manager po ako ng computer shop†. Many of us laughed when he said that, Then he still have many question to us, he told us â€Å" bkit Kayo nag IT bkit hindi nursing,?†. He also asked us â€Å" Sino gusto magturo? Sino gusto maging Teacher?. And lots of questions to follow. Atty Bembol also tells story about his life after he graduated in NUEST.after all of this question he start to discuss our topic about Cyber Crime Law. This is the first law in the Philippines which specifically criminalizes computer crime, which prior to the passage of the law had no strong legal precedent in Philippine jurisprudence. The Act, divided into 31 sections split across eight chapters, criminalizes several types of offenses, including illegal access hacking, data interference, device misuse, cyber squatting, computer-related offenses such as computer fraud, content-related offenses such as cybersex and spam, and other offenses. The law also reaffirms existing laws against child pornography, an offense under Republic Act No. 9779 the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, and libel, an offense under Section 355 of the Revised Penal Code of the Philippines, also criminalizing them when committed using a computer system. Finally, the Act provides for a â€Å"catch-all† clause, wherein all offenses currently punishable under the Revised Penal Code are likewise punishable under the Act when committed using a computer, with corresponding stricter penalties than if the crimes were punishable under the Revised Penal Code alone. The Act has universal jurisdiction: its provisions apply to all Filipino nationals regardless of the place of commission. Jurisdiction also lies when a punishable act is either committed within the Philippines, whether the erring device is wholly or partly situated in the Philippines, or whether damage was done to any natural or juridical person who at the time of commission was within the Philippines. Regional Trial Courts shall have jurisdiction over cases involving violations of the Act. A takedown clause is included in the Act, empowering the Department of Justice to restrict and/or demand the removal of content found to be contrary to the provisions of the Act, without the need for a court order. This provision, originally not included in earlier iterations of the Act as it was being deliberated through Congress, was inserted during Senate deliberations on May 31, 2012.[4]Complementary to the takedown clause is a clause mandating the retention of data on computer servers for six months after the date of transaction, which may be extended for another six months should law enforcement authorities request it. The Act also mandates the National Bureau of Investigation and the Philippine Na,tional Police to organize a cybercrime unit, staffed by special investigators whose responsibility will be to exclusively handle cases pertaining to violations of the Act, under the supervision of the Department of Justice. The unit is empowered to, among others, collect real-time traffic data from Internet service providers with due cause, require the disclosure of computer data within 72 hours after receipt of a court warrant from a service provider, and conduct searches and seizures of computer data and equipment. It also mandates the establishment of special â€Å"cybercrime courts† which will handle cases involving cybercrime offenses, Atty Bembol explained more about Cyber Crime Law, the Preliminary Provision, Declaration of Policy (The State recognizes the vital role of information and communications industries such as content production, telecommunications, broadcasting electronic commerce , and data processing, in the nation’s overall social and economic development. The State also recognizes the importance of providing an environment conducive to the development, acceleration, and rational application and exploitation of information and communications technology (ICT) to attain free, easy, and intelligible access to exchange and/or delivery of information; and the need to protect and safeguard the integrity of computer, computer and communications systems, networks, and databases, and the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information and data stored therein, from all forms of misuse, abuse, and illegal access by making punishable under the law such conduct or conducts. In this light, the State shall adopt sufficient powers to effectively prevent and combat such offenses by facilitating their detection, investigation, and prosecution at both the domestic and international levels, and by providing arrangements for fast and reliable international cooperation.) Punishable Acts, the Cyber Crime Offenses (Offenses against the confidentia lity, integrity and availability of computer data and systems) this contains Illegal Access, Illegal Interception, Data Interference, System Interference, Misuse of Devices, Cyber-squatting. He discusses also Computer-related Forgery, Computer-related Fraud, and Computer-related Identity Theft. Content-related Offenses like Cybersex. The willful engagement, maintenance, control, or operation, directly or indirectly, of any lascivious exhibition of sexual organs or sexual activity, with the aid of a computer system, for favor or consideration. Child Pornography. The unlawful or prohibited acts defined and punishable by Republic Act No. 9775 or the Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009, committed through a computer system: Provided, that the penalty to be imposed shall be one degree higher than that provided for in Republic Act No. 9775. Unsolicited Commercial Communications. The transmission of commercial electronic communication with the use of computer system which seeks to advertise, sells, or offer for sale products and services are prohibited unless. Libel. The unlawful or prohibited acts of libel as defined in Article 355 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended, committe d through a computer system or any other similar means which may be devised in the future. He also discusses Penalties, Enforcement and Implementation, Law Enforcement Authorities, Duties of Law Enforcement Authorities, Real-Time Collection of Traffic Data, Preservation of Computer Data, Disclosure of Computer Data, Search, Seizure and Examination of Computer Data, Jurisdiction, Competent Authorities, Department of Justice (DOJ), Cybercrime Investigation and Coordinating Center, Composition, Powers and Functions. After explaining those things about Cyber Crime, I learned much about this law, and even deploy my mind to understand the things that bother my mind about cyber crime law. In my opinion, it is for the good of everybody that social media will now be controlled. All of us will be protected and once bullied; we have justice within our reach. All of us, especially the teenagers among us, will learn how to handle and regulate their postings, comments and tweets. We still can comment anything in the social media, but the law now prompts us to first ask ourselves whether or not our post will hurt people before clicking it into the Internet world. And after that discussion I realized that the cybercrime law does not curtail our freedom of expression or any of our rights, it teaches us how to be well-disciplined and how to respect other people’s privacy and rights.after the discussion some students in other section asked their question to atty bembol and their question as expected was answered by Atty Bembol very well. And lots of question cannot answered because the time is out, but Atty Bembol Said That he answered those question in out of the seminar.and When the forum was ended Prof.Lourdes Soro our dean give a plaque to atty. Bembol, they take some photos as a remembrance maybe. When Atty Bembol Castillo ended his Discussion and after some picture taking ma’am sally sison introduced our next speaker Dr. Emmanuel S. San Juan, he is also a product of our School and just like atty Bembol in his high school and college days he received many awards, he is a good professor of many schools and universities in our province. He is a administrator of the municipality of gen.mamerto natividad,he said that he is a good friend of Atty. Bembol, and in Ethics for IT Professional is our second topic for our afternoon seminar,Dr. San Juan is a great and exciting speaker, you will not be bored he speaks because he is a witty, often laugh and he really say he’s funny but really much you can learn.he taught us how to be a good person, He taught us to be good employees if we can work, he often jokes about the story of his students, the group of sir Cerin, he tells many inspiring story to us. While the discussion continues, our snacks had come, and even other students was disappointed because the snacks was late they not too lose their attention they are told by Dr. San Juan, while we eat our snacks Dr. San Juan continue inspiring us and told us many inspiring Story. And he discusses to us the different good habit that we should remember when we are employed. Dr. San Juan also tell story about his problem that he had in the first day of our seminar, and he thanks god because his future problem was solve after he go to Pampanga after the first batch of seminar that he was able to speak and share some inspiring stories to other fourth year students of NEUST. After Dr San Juan Speaks to us, similar happened after Atty. Bembol Castillo Speak to us there will be a Short forum where some of students asked question to Dr. San Juan and also like Atty Bembol, he answered those question very well. And after that Prof.Lourdes Soro our dean give a plaque to Dr. Emmanuel San Juan and they take some photos as remembrance, and ma’am ruth asked us to take some picture to our speaker. And the seminar was ended, end we went home with full of inspiration and knowledge about Cyber Crime Law and Ethics for IT Professional†¦

Analysis of Barbara Kruger

Analysis of Barbara Kruger For this short essay writing I get an example of single contemporary artist Barbara Kruger. Barbara Kruger is an American conceptual artist. A lot of her effort consists of black and white photographs overlaid with declarative captions-in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique. The phrases in her works frequently consist of use of pronouns such as â€Å"you†, â€Å"your†, â€Å"I†, â€Å"we†, and â€Å"they†. I begin my essay with the retort how Barbara Kruger be considered illustrative of Baudrillard’s or Barthes’ theories. Postmodernism was born out of a response in opposition to the policy of Modernism. Most particularly, Postmodern artists discarded the Modernist obsession with the aesthetic and began by questioning the recognized qualities tied to this aesthetic. As the Postmodern movement progressed, this critique intensified and moved beyond simply formal concerns; artists also began criticizing many underlying notions of Modernism, together with ideas about creativity and authority. Simultaneously, French philosophers Roland Barthes and Jean Baudrillard introduced theories concerning the rising artistic practices of appropriation and simulation. Barthes, in his elaboration on the theory of appropriation, described principles and practices that a lot of artists were employing in their critiques on Modernism. The work of American artist Barbara Kruger gives the most powerful embodiment of Barthes’ theories of appropriation. Roland Barthes, in his 1967 essay â€Å"The Death of the Author,† stripped mutually authority and authorship from artists and writers, declaring, â€Å"A text is not a line of words releasing a single ‘theological’ meaning (the ‘message’ of the Author-God), but a multi-dimensional space in which a variety of writings, none of them new, blend and collide.† This theory not only described the postmodern artistic practices of the time, but it undermi ned Modernism’s lofty goals and claims of creating original artwork. According to Barthes, no author or artist creates something new and unique. Instead, every formed thing is a recycled regurgitation of that which preceded it. As Postmodernism continued to develop, many artists not only acknowledged Barthes’s denouncement of originality but also embraced it as a means through which to further critique the works and tenets of Modernism. These artists favored the readymade object as more powerful than the supposedly new crafted objects shaped by Modernist artists. By openly acknowledging the process of appropriation that occurs within the manufacture of all art, these artists leveraged the power of pre-existing imagery and signs to produce â€Å"new† works with multiple layers and multiple meanings. Barbara Kruger began her career as a graphic designer and commercial artist for publications and magazines such as Mademoiselle. Her work as a postmodern artist began to garner attention in the early 1980s; about fifteen years later than Barthes published â€Å"The Death of the Author.† Kruger’s experience in the profitable design world greatly influenced her work both officially and philosophically. She embraced both the imagery and language of advertising, combining black and white photographs with ambiguous but accusatory statements in collage-like presentations. But she concurrently rejected the philosophies of commercial advertising and the majority, by raising questions concerning gender equality, consumerism, and stereotypes.

Supply Chain Operations Reference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Supply Chain Operations Reference - Essay Example The reforms have occurred due to the amplified market competition to deliver better value to their customers. A new system had definitely succeeded in delivering higher values to the clients - thanks to Supply Chain Management. Supply Chain Management or SCM is a blend of art combined with technology which works to improve the business ways, functions, processes that are a part of a product formation and its delivery. Supply Chain Management is clearly defined as "A combination of various processes that start from the initial phase of the product till the finished consumption of the same product by the consumer. It is a process which involves the planning, implementation of these plans, and controlling of the product manufacture with the intention of providing complete satisfaction to the customer." (Kim, 2006). The basic activities that are encompassed within a supply chain are resource collection, procurement, warehousing, transport management activities, co-ordination with partners, suppliers and most importantly - the customers. The fundamental nature of Supply Chain Management combines the complete supply and demand management related to a product. However, like every other discovered technology that fades away with time and gets replaced by a new one, supply chain management, has also lost the interest of the organizations. The practice of managing the supply chain has been employed by companies around the globe, which engage in critical activities. Furthermore, the intensifying international financial system and the world-wide set up of e-commerce also whetted the intended importance of supply chain management and have distorted the old techniques so that they obtain benefit by promoting the supply chain approach and planning, as an aggressive tool. By incorporating supply chains with customer affiliation plans and an effectual financial organization, it has turned out to be far easier for any company to stay in positive control of its business actions and produce the results that are intended for (Chopra and Maendil, 1999). Though, as per the study conducted, there has been a noteworthy documentation on the subject of the op timal output that could have been achieved as compared to what the companies are getting at present. Most of the companies are now not able to check the real time data involved with a supply chain disruptions, and irregularities. The executives are not able to identify the scope of unfavorable actions, and as a result they are forced into intricate and hasty situations. These effects can bring about disaster for a company existing in the present competitive world, by escalating their manufacturing and delivery operating costs, increasing inventory and delaying their products into the market. At the same time the lack of well-timed data also thwarts the organizations from making use of opportunities. The entry of SCOR into the scene has offered a number of methods to companies in order to gain more competitive advantage. Quick response theory, better communication between trading partners, mutual scheduling, forecasting, and replacement are the initial levels of Supply chain synchronization, (Choudhary, & Tiwari, 2006). Also, SCOR

Warfare about Product Life Cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Warfare about Product Life Cycle - Essay Example Meaning and Concept of marketing Warfare The term ‘Warfare’ is often used within the marketing, which can also be reflected in the different crucial strategies of marketing. The literary meaning of Warfare is related with the strategies and tactics used by armed forces at the time of war for the purpose of getting victory over its enemies. The term warfare represents some of the crucial and aggressive strategies implied for the purpose of countering some crucial competition provided by the competitors and enemies at the time of war. In direction to this, the disposition of warfare can also be aligned with the marketing activities undertaken by the business organization (Roney 2004). The implication of different crucial Wartime strategies and tactics in the marketing for the purpose of countering some crucial and intensive competition provided by competitors is known as marketing warfare. Marketing Warfare includes different strategies and tactics implied by the originati on for the purpose of establishing compatibility within business and warfare. Moreover, it also opens a window for the effective application of different principles of military strategy in the business situations, so that an effective solution of intensive competition prevailing within the market place. As in contemporary scenario, the nature and disposition of business environment has been changed quite significantly. Due to heavy competition, market place have become a battle field in which, different competitors are fighting for saving their existence in this tough business environment (Orcullo 2008). In context to this, for the purpose of winning this battle, like war, business organizations are required to... This paper tresses that Product Life Cycle is one of the major concepts in the field of marketing, which will be quite helpful for the business organization in formulating some of the crucial strategic objective. In direction to this, the paper has shaded some of the crucial lights over marketing warfare regarding different stages of product development. On the basis of the in-depth review of different findings, it can be concluded that product life cycle of a product reveals different stage right from its introduction to its decline. In different stages there are different conditions and situations can be faced by the business organization. For the purpose of being successful within the existing market place, it becomes quire essential for the management of the organization to undertake some of the crucial strategic steps in the context of addressing different type of external environmental problems and issues. This report makes a conclusion that there is different warfare marketing strategies associated with the different stages of product life cycle. In relation to this, such different warfare allows the organization to have long term success and sustainability within existing market place. For a business organization it is quite essential to understand and elaborate such crucial strategic measures so that desired success can be attained in the most effective manner. Right selection of strategies at the right time of time is the key of success for the organization and above discussed warfare about PLC allows the organizations to do so effectively and efficiently.

The Evolving English Language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Evolving English Language - Essay Example The English language has taken an interesting course of development from an obscure tongue to an international language with the dynamic and significant impact made on the language due to the efforts of standardisation in the context of regional diversity.This essay discusses in brief the development of the English as an international language, standardization and its significance on English as an international language.Right from the Anglo-Saxon period, English has constantly evolved to become what it is today. Its richness can be contributed to the fact that it has accommodated the changes brought in by a number of foreign influences for centuries. However the language remained within the confines of the geographical English boundaries for quite a few centuries. The advent of industrial revolution followed by colonization, laid the foundation for English to become a global language. The ambitious conquest as well as the philanthropic efforts of the colonist undertaken across the co ntinents, set grounds for leaving behind a rich legacy of the language and its usage long after the colonists were gone. The establishment of missionary educational institutions, hospitals and churches, the traditions of which were followed even after the colonial era played a major role in the English language flourishing in foreign soil. Knowing the language was more of a status symbol in many colonial and post colonial nations, which also led to its increased usage and prominence among world languages.

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Apple Inc - Essay Example Leadership demands self-improvement and self-renewal to continue. Leaders make decisions that create the future and above all, successful leaders of today dare to desire. They must dominate the events around them while maintaining an atmosphere of dignity and mutual respect. In this paper, we would be discussing on the roles and responsibilities of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture. The ability to look at the world as it is and view something new and improved is a valued leadership trait. Leaders with this quality have been able to create something new by breaking down the barriers caused by existing paradigms that once stifled progress. They have been innovative, creative, flexible, responsible and not afraid to experiment. Many organizations consist of multi-disciplinary teams as a way of doing business. This system may work well until a problem occurs. The teams' behavioral interaction may change and they may begin finger-pointing and apportioning blame, instead of finding solutions cooperatively. For example, the marketing department may look at what is perceived to be a distribution problem. Instead of the unnecessary finger pointing, marketing adopts the customer's perspective and suggests a solution to solve the problem. Ideas and solutions can be found in some of the most unlikely places and leaders should not be too quick to dismiss the less than obvio us. Once the idea or solution has been sourced, one should not be afraid to experiment and take risks to invest in ideas that show promise, even if it means trying the idea again and again in different variations. To understand management and leadership better, it is essential to analyze the role of leaders in creating and maintaining a healthy organizational culture. Fred E. Fiedler and his associates at the University of Illinois have suggested a contingency theory of leadership (Fiedler, 1967). The theory holds that people become leaders not only because of the attributes of their personalities but also because of various situational factors and the interactions between leaders and group members. On the basis of his studies, Fiedler described three critical dimensions of the leadership situation that help determine what style of leadership will be most effective (Miner, 1982, p.22): Position power is the degree to which the power of a position, as distinguished from other sources of power, such as personality or expertise, enables a leader to get group members to comply with directions; in the case of managers, this is the power arising from organizational authority. As Fiedler points out, a leader with clear and considerable position power can obtain good followership more easily than one without such power (Bowers, 1975, pp.167-180). With the dimension of Task structure, Fiedler had in mind the extent to which tasks can be clearly spelled out and people held responsible for them. If tasks are clear (rather than vague and unstructured), the quality of performance can be more easily controlled and group members can be held more definitely responsible for performance. Fiedler regarded the dimension of Leader-member relations as the most important from a leader's point of view, since position power and task structure may be largely under the

Real Estate Sustainability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Real Estate Sustainability - Essay Example Therefore, the elevated performance by the standard chartered bank has resulted from its investments in energy proficient technologies that are within its buildings, inclusive of the smart lighting, the photovoltaic panels, effective cooling systems and water recycling among others. Standard chartered approaches the issue of sustainability of the real estate portfolio using four elements that include planet, profit, people and project ((Siemens, 2012). The methods that are employed in improving the sustainability of the real estate portfolio by the bank usually require a number of tools to support the improvements and deliver the major indicators such as access to energy and sanitation. The existing tools and management systems employed currently by the Bank include sustainable foot printing, LEED, BREEAM, and the IPD Environment code. These are the key assessment tools used by the bank for evaluating sustainable real estate portfolio. These tools normally go beyond measuring the efficiency of energy on a building and incorporate the spatial, economical and social aspects enabling the approach on planet people profit and project to be an extremely sustainable approach on real estate. BREEAM, which is one of the available tools at SCB (Standard Chattered Bank) for improving the sustainable real estate portfolio, is an environmental profiling type that assesses the environmental performance and construction material of a portfolio. The tool assesses transport, waste, water, heath, and energy among other things. The tool, which allows for a stimulation of demand for sustainable buildings and mitigation of the influences of a building on the environment, has been employed by the Bank and key indicators achieved in its implementation. Standard Chattered Bank recently secured an improved tool referred to as BREEAM

Is nothing private Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is nothing private - Case Study Example Monique Masters that her quest is honorable aimed at offering more good than bad. The main ethical issue in the case is primarily the privacy and confidentiality of all persons who holds driver’s license. The case is characterized by a number of relevant details. To start with, FatAway’s president, Monique Masters presents her need to advertise for a newly developed product line. The products to be advertised are deemed safe, reliable and effective. The advertising undertakings are referred to an advertising agency that is supposed to gather specific and relevant information for the advertisement, design the advertisement and further market the entire campaign. The information required is available, but not specifically gathered for advertisement and marketing purposes. Another relevant detail that pertains to this case is the procedure to use in getting the required information. The advert needs to identify the ten fattest people in each state. This information is dependent on getting access to all persons who hold driving licenses. Once this is done, their height and weight is to be matched and the grossly fat persons identified for the advertisement pursuit. The identified persons will be asked to consent to the move, with those who get into a weight loss program getting paid for every pound of weight lost. The other detail is that of getting access to the required information. The privacy and confidentiality of the information held by drivers’ registries seems to be jeopardized. This is regard to the alternatives available in getting access to this information. Subscriptions are allowed and even in some cases secretaries of state provide this information at a cost. Business and professional conduct is therefore central to the dealings between Monique, the Advertising Agency and the Executive account Manager. The case details therefore revolve around the FatAway Inc., the advertising agency and its

In each industry, technology determines industrial structure, which Essay

In each industry, technology determines industrial structure, which determines the conduct of firms, which in turn determines the performance of firms. Explain and critically evaluate this statement - Essay Example However the reflection of this relationship would be quite clearly evident in relation with the entity’s market performance. In a larger macroeconomic context, such technological changes are in a broader sense expected to make impacts in the economy my as well. The level to which technology would affect the performance of an industry is however heterogeneous. This would mean that the micro level response of various firms to technological innovations and policy changes would vary to a larger extent (Smith K ,1999). However while analysing the macro level relationship, an evident sign of linkage can be found between the industry’s performance in the global scenario and the technology. This linkage has been found in the history of any industry. To understand the relevance of this statement the replacement of many traditional hand driven industries with automated technologies would be an ideal example. Ranging from agriculture to oil mining, technology always has changed the face and structure of the specific industry as per the standards of the age. However it is true that there are many other factors which drive the technological innovations specific to each industry. From the experiences in the history, it is quite evident that technology would bring massive change in the industrial structure both generic and specific to individual firms. Along with the relation of the structural changes with the performance of individual firms, it also important to understand the integration of these individual changes into complex social and economic relationships with their environments (Smith K ,1999). There are number of theories explaining the macro effect of the structural changes in the industry in relation with technology. This theory is based on the disequlibrium growth model based on creative destruction. It clearly proves the relationship of performance and growth of the industry with the introduction of substantial changes in

Is the Game Theory, the Right Game Essay Example for Free

Is the Game Theory, the Right Game Essay Yes, indeed the game theory is the right game. Business is not about winning and losing nor is it about how well you play the game. The essence of business success lies in making sure youre playing the right game. The challenge for us is to make sure were playing the right game. There are times in our life that we think we are in the right game but suddenly we realize that it is not the game we should play. For example, the course that you choose in college, you enrolled in accounting because your parents said so or because you dont have any choice yet but you dont possess the passion, attitude and skills an accountant must have. That is an evidence that you are in the wrong course, the remedy is to change your course into the course you love and possess the skills and passion for. To every action, there is a reaction. You have to look forward into the game and then reason backward to figure out which of todays actions will lead you to where you want to end up. In order to succeed we need to go beyond the threats and opportunities that might occur and what we what to become in the future but we need also to be realistic and not too imaginary. Thus, after looking forward we make the action that will lead us to where we what to be. The decisions and actions you make today will affect our future career. So make the right actions and decisions. You cannot take away from the game more than you bring to it. You cannot take away more than your added value. Dont remove something that contribute to your strengths, keep and maintain them. The main focus is allocentrism. It is the importance of focusing on others. You have to put yourself in the shoes and even in the heads of other players. You have to ask not what other players can bring to you but what you can bring to other players. Its changing our mind-set into other players mind-set because if you know what and how they think its easy for you to discern what they need and what to the betterment of the company. Successful business strategy is about actively shaping the game you play, not just playing the game you find. Its true that we should actively shape the game we play. It means that finding a continuous improvement and not just be stagnant in where you are now. We should find a way to increase and improve to the next level as years pass by. Understanding other players can help find new strategies for changing the game or new applications of existing strategies. In changing the game we should understand the players, added value, rules, tactics and scope. There is nothing permanent in this world we should actively change into better. The world is constantly changing and we need to adapt to it for us not to be left behind. In conclusion I agree that we should be a game maker than a game taker. We should have a coopetition mind-set and to be an allocentric. I believe that in business and even in our own lives there is no end to the game of changing the game. It is always an on going process that we should adapt and be flexible to it. We should be alert and wise to make decisions and actions because our decisions and actions today will change and have an effect to our future career.

Internet gambling Essay Example for Free

Internet gambling Essay This document will inform you about the history of internet gambling, the existing issues, and a number of concerns involved with online gambling. Prior to the launching of the World Wide Web in 1993 which changed the setting of gambling, people had to travel great distances to gamble. The worlds first virtual online casino, Internet Casinos, Inc. (ICI) commenced operation on August 18, 1995 with 18 different casino games. Most of these online gambling companies are located outside of the U. S.to avoid government prosecution. ICI operates out of the Turks and Caicos Islands (Kish, 1999). One of the main reasons internet gambling started was because of costs. The value to start up an internet gambling site is around 1. 5 million dollars, which is half of what it costs to actually construct a casino. ICI estimates that the company averages about a twenty four percent profit margin, versus the typical United States casino, which ranges from eight percent to sixteen percent of each dollar wagered (Kish, 1999). An estimated twenty million people are currently online with a projected 160 million online by the year 2020. The overall market for online gambling is estimated to be approximately $49 billion worldwide (Kish, 1999). The history of internet gambling is only a decade old, however, its history will hold on for several more. There are several existing issues facing internet gambling. The first issues we will discuss are how to regulate internet gambling. The question raised by the emergence of Internet gambling is whether old lawsbased mainly on a world of atomsare still viable, and if not, in which way the Internet should be regulated (Walther, 2000). Some scholars believe that internet gambling needs to be regulated, and of course there are those that say let the owners of the sites regulate themselves. Regulatory procedures can be targeted at either or both of the providers and the consumers of gambling services. In the case of consumers, regulation is usually implemented by age, through prohibition of the participation of minors. Procedures might also be contrived to prohibit problem gamblers or undischarged bankrupts from engaging in gambling (Clarke, 2000). Another existing problem with internet gambling is The Wire Act which was intended to assist the states, territories and possessions of the United States, as well as the District of Columbia, in enforcing their respective laws on gambling and bookmaking and to suppress organized gambling activities. Subsection (a) of the Wire Act, a criminal provision, provides: Whoever being engaged in the business of betting or wagering knowingly uses a wire communication facility for the transmission in interstate or foreign commerce of bets or wagers or information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers on any sporting event or contest, or for the transmission of a wire communication which entitles the recipient to receive money or credit as a result of bets or wagers, or for information assisting in the placing of bets or wagers, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both (Rodefer, 2003). During the House of Representatives debate on the bill, Congressman Emanuel Celler, Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee stated [t]his bill only gets after the bookmaker, the gambler who makes it his business to take bets or to lay off bets. . . It does not go after the causal gambler who bets $2 on a race (Rodefer, 2003). What the government is having a problem with is that most internet gambling sites are run ran in foreign countries, and they cannot enforce this act against them. What they are trying to do is change the act to include these third parties. An example of this is the introduction of the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act of 1997 (Walther, 2000). The bill would have prohibited Internet gambling by extending the Wire Acts prohibitions on traditional forms of gambling by phone or wire to the Internet (Walther, 2000). This amendment would provide penalties for online bets and wagers. This so far seems to be the best solution, however ethical and moral dilemmas still rest in the hands of our lawmakers today. The next issue facing internet gambling is taxes. This seems to be the governments biggest issue. This is because of the billions of dollars we mentioned for profit by these online sites, government can gain significant amount of money from it. The legalization of Internet gambling may cause states to lose some revenue generated from legalized gambling operations because many gamblers would spend their money online (Lassani, 1998). Moreover, states lose revenue by not being able to tax gamblers who win over the Internet. Gamblers who win over the Internet have an incentive not to pay taxes on their winnings because the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) lacks the resources to track online gamblers (Lassani, 1998). The likelihood of addiction to Internet gambling among both children and adults is an extremely important concern. In relation to addiction, children are more likely to become addicted to something new than adults (Smith, 2004). For example, the video game-like nature of virtual casinos, labeled the crack cocaine of gambling, could make online gambling a temptation difficult to resist. Furthermore, the fact that the Internet gambler need not leave the comfort and privacy of his or her home could mean that an individual might become easily addicted. This is the worst thing about internet gambling, because there will not be anyone to detect if a person is addicted or not. Consequently the only aid they will get is their selves, and that leaves the player defenseless against the dependence of gambling. Having to go to the casino to gamble has better chances of knowing who is addicted and who is not, they have hired hands to detect this problem, unlike the home atmosphere. Kevin ONeill, Deputy Director of New Jerseys Council on Compulsive Gambling says The real threat comes from the isolation and secrecy of the betting activity itself. I call this threat the cave syndrome due to the gamblers isolated behavior and hidden activity (Wharry, 2001). In closing the short lived World Wide Web as created pandemonium with our lawmakers. The dilemma of how everyone interprets the Wire Act is a major concern. The efforts to amend it to make all users liable for using the websites are tiresome, and stopping foreigners from creating internet gambling sites seems never-ending since the United States cannot control them. In just over a decade there are over twenty million users, expected to increase to 160 million in the next 14 years. Its revenue is over 49 billion dollars and increasing. There are more profit margins with online gambling than the traditional casino. The cost to create a gambling web is 1. 5 million dollars compared to the 300 million to build a casino, this creates profit and increases attendance because of its trouble-free access. One important concern with internet gambling is addiction. Children are easily addicted to new things than adults and it will make it harder to control and detect gambling addiction. Internet gambling is a good creation for those people who can control themselves, but for those who cannot have a greater chance to end up bankrupt. Thus we can see from this example alone, why lawmakers are having such problems to secure the problem, do they let it carry on or let people put themselves in jeopardy of losing everything. Michael Bolcerek the President of The Poker Group said, Its a personal liberty issue with regard to how you spend your money and what you see over the Internet(Roth, 2006). References: Clarke, R. (2000, December). The feasibility of regulating gambling on the internet . Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Regulations of internet gambling Web site: http://www. anu. edu. au/people/Roger. Clarke/II/FeasIGR. html Kish, S. (1999). An analysis of the governments role in addressing internet gambling. Betting on the Net, 51(no 2), 449-6. Lessani, A.M. (1998, May). How much do you want to bet that the internet gambling prohibition act of 1997 is not the most effective way to tackle the problems of online gambling. Retrieved May 4, 2006, from The Internet Gambling Prohibition Act: An Analysis Web site: http://www. gseis. ucla. edu/iclp/alessani. html Rodefer, J. (2003). Federal wire wager act. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Gambling-Law- US. com Web site: http://www. gambling-law-us. com/Federal-Laws/wire-act. htm Roth, B. (2006, April 25). Foes try to squelch online gambling. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, [1]. Smith, A. (2004). Controversial and emerging issues associates with eybergambling (e-casinos). Online Information Review. 28(6), 435-443. Walther, F. M. (2000). A comparative u. s. -swiss perspective. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from Internet Gambling Related Regulatory Questions and Enforcement Problems Web site: http://stlr. stanford. edu/STLR/Events/gambling/contents_f. html#note5 Wharry, S. (2001). E-Gambling threat worries addiction experts. You Bet Your Life, 165,325.

Study on Hankou Digital Building Repair Technology

Study on Hankou Digital Building Repair Technology Summary In this context, traditional building crafts craftsman in artistic conception is under the control, use the appropriate tools or equipment, according to the ages, follow the way from raw material acquisition, manufacture components to install molding, to complete a post-renovation process technology ; endangered intangible cultural heritage in urgent need of rescue and system protection. In this paper, the current status of our architectural heritage protection process, analyzes the significance of the protection framework and ideas, discuss their research methods to analyze the feasibility of building process aimed at promoting heritage protection process, to resolve the current architectural Heritage Protection the lost technology and craftsman team fault, the urgent problem for protection policies provide reference formulation. On the building process is about building sophisticated cognitive system theory and principles and methods of generation, including: the principle of building technology, building technology system structure, and evolution of construction technology paradigm, Chinese modern architecture and sophisticated analysis of the problem 4 to improve its strategy part of a chain, the development of theory and practice in the field of architecture will have far-reaching significance. There is a neglect of traditional building technology issues in the protection of architectural heritage, traditional construction technology plays an important role in the building heritage protection system. Our architectural heritage protection from the perspective of the role of traditional Chinese architecture technology and explore effective ways to protect and respect their heritage. Keywords traditional construction technology; architectural heritage; protected mode; framework; building Chinas ancient building in the world in the unique building system, the legacy of ancient buildings is our precious spiritual heritage, which more and more attention to protect the community. Architectural heritage protection is a complex project, which requires multi-disciplinary, multi-angle, multi-level study is a gradual, continuous exploration and improvement process. With the depth protection practical work, theoretical studies of architectural heritage protection of people also deepening. Entering the new century, China is facing more large-scale urban renewal and the construction of new socialist countryside construction, which makes architectural heritage protection more urgent, more complicated. Architectural heritage protection in thought and theoretical knowledge and practical aspects need to be a breakthrough. At present, the study of architectural heritage conservation is more concerned about the shape of the building itself, the layout features, aesthetic features, architectural culture (in this case a narrow spiritual culture), etc., although these studies are important, but in this under the influence of the trend of species, researchers overlooked a very important issue, that is, traditional Chinese architecture technology protection. In the traditional architectural heritage protection work, emphasis is often placed on the protection of the building itself, the method taken only limited mapping, drawing analysis, by the drawing and other aspects, but they ignore the protection of its initial construction process of traditional crafts. Traditional construction process technology research remained mostly at the micro level, or that is a purely technical level, but very few people from the architectural heritage of the height to look at this issue. Based on this, this paper discusses the architectural heritage protection system in the whole project, the important role of traditional construction technology occupied, and from the perspective of architectural heritage conservation study the protection and inheritance. In recent years, Chinas traditional cultural heritage protection can be described as popular, a change in the past few experts campaigned situation, both the user heartfelt call, but also the introduction of relevant government policies and protection measures, and integrated into the global protection of the tides. In architectural heritage protection, must involve traditional technologies and processes, they are an important part of the architectural heritage indispensable. So far, however, the academic field of architectural heritage protection process there are large gaps. In the longitudinal direction, the study of ancient architecture technology, building on the evolution process of contemporary architecture process itself deep level of research and so on, there are a lot of space. In the transverse direction, the building process of our regional heritage to explore, although the results still did not dare say overall, still a lot of areas for mining. And ineffective in practice, one-sided and inadequate protection of ideas, protection measures, lack of protection technologies, such as improper recycling, but also the protection of important issues currently facing the work. Thinking traditional building craft heritage embodied values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹and create a code of conduct, the song spread Carpenter, Carpenter agreed, experienced the process to create, is a comprehensive understanding of the value of the architectural heritage foundation. As the process is invisible, by the specific craftsmen holds, vital records (such as video) than words and expressions based on time according to the process diagram nodes is more intuitive, accurate, easy to understand, and easy to spread. Craft skill level is a direct manifestation of the level of technology, the basic technology tradition and progress, the level of skills and technology is unique and individual. Historically, process improvements to improve the skills and technology are inextricably linked. Process objectively present in the artisan industry environment, industry environment and their social, economic, cultural and even government policy has a direct relationship. Therefore, to explore under Chinas current situation construction craft heritage protection and effective way and overall application system, namely the establishment of craft heritage protection application framework, such as the scientific record technology, mining and collating system method to save, process original assertion the method, class determination, artisan craft skills assessment levels to develop, Carpenter field (ie, social, economic and industry environment, artisan craftsmen team to survive, etc.) cultivation, propagation mode artisans incentives, develop policies to protect, process, etc., architectural heritage is undoubtedly an important part of the process, with considerable reality and urgency. Scientific method Construction of the system depends on principle basis. Refined or not the problem seems simple, actually covers a wide and deep problem, not only in the material level, but in all aspects of the theory of cognitive actual operation, in-depth and systematic about fine building awareness and basic principles of research generated to effectively solve the fundamental problems in practice have greater social significance. For these reasons prompted the study period experienced an extended form of visual detail to focus on comprehensive knowledge, to explore specific emphasis from exquisitely detailed case as to learn from Chinas countermeasures, and to explore the extension of the principle of recognition and generation of detail, the method of the present paper and paradigms, etc. as the basis for China countermeasure development process changes, new perspective deeper systematic return to the entire built environment quality construction craft origin of the study, research questions eventually extended to about exquisite architectural recognize construction of a universal significance Knowing and the resulting theoretical framework principles and methods to advanced multi-disciplinary integration of knowledge structure, based on in-depth cognitive and psycho-physiological mechanisms of human life built construction and the built environment, and to systematically explain the elaborate architecture d evelopment of scientific principles and the promotion of artistic and cultural significance of exquisite architectural generation method. Thus, this paper creatively to build a building process of theoretical framework, including: the principle of building technology, building technology system structure, and evolution of construction technology paradigm, Chinese modern architectural elegance of the problem analysis and improvement strategies a chain of 4 parts, which proposed the digital divide of integrated computing generated art building design and construction methods of conception exquisite architecture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Principle construction process, namely through the people and the environment, the model to explain the psychological and physiological basis for cognitive and construction of the generalized craft built environment, significance and system configuration. Construction of human life determines the built environment and the construction of the meaning of art, craft and technology law system constitutes the material to achieve that sense of art, science and technology unified in the construction of human life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In dialectical materialism, existentialism and phenomenology, constructivism, cognitive neuroscience, life sciences, digital and computing science is proposed based on the same Constructivism: the way people with cognitive issues exist outlook and that is defined Relevancy in the Methodology in. The whole world is the integration of a substance present in any one thing as the standard reference, by defining the relationship established, you can construct the entire world, the World of the individual. Define the boundary forming Form, defines the characteristics associated boundary substance, material properties associated with the presence of the dialectical relationship between unity, such as transparent glass, is light clear glass light perception overall unity of the three characteristics. Boundary is performance in the beginning, associate have a sense, the other potential association that is defined in the corresponding meaning content. Meaning: manifestat ions referred to, within the meaning of the other relationship. Substance material existence is all its properties that it is integrated with the outside world all affiliated body, the material has properties determine the potential association which may be established.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In modern science and technology on the electrode stimulation, neurons, mental events materialized and quantitative research based on the results, you can construct scientific objectification and quantification of human life Construction, Built Environment and Environmental Principles and form new technical methods model. In neurons as the basic unit, electrically (non-graphical media) measurement, the life normalized to the overall regulation of the nervous system; neural mechanisms of cognition and the construction of the life authority boundary by the perceptual system parameter threshold perception domain stack information flow together approach and the construction of the Trinity, and the energy flow and material flow control jointly defined.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Other lives permission demarcation rules, such as: self-awareness and interior of the vehicle and its associated normalized to the substance, integrated personal measurement scale pattern and form a boundary, regional and social dimensions of personal property of a current presence materialized relationship, normalized historical time series up to now materialized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In recent years, the traditional construction technology research has become an important topic in the field of the history of Chinese architecture, is valued by scholars and experts, and made some new results.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Process to life, is the construction of life forms in the process, but also the construction and interpretation of the built environment shape the process; people the construction of life skills system determines the built environment process system consisting of: human life forms and the need to build the program and the built environment in the form of 3 sub-systems. A. Building a system configuration process Architecture is a detail of the entire built environment, building technology system configuration including human life forms and the need to build programs and architectural forms, etc. 3 sub-elements. Architecture is the whole personal world of linkage chain external environment media perception cognition in the perception of some elements of the linkage, its radius, there is a common interface to define their domain material, it is a detail of the entire built environment. Thus, the meaning of building technology and its system structure is determined by the Built Environment Technology system, but different. Consistently, the building of human life is to construct its meaning and the ultimate value of the target, it can be based on the structure of Built Environment Technology system of determining building process system consisting of: human life forms and the need to build the program, architectural forms . Building technology elements of the system, that building is the core technology for social, artistic and cultural system organizations. Related issues and human scale human life forms and demand mainly corresponds to the principle of human life, the value of life-related trends, socio-cultural and social system. Construction program is a property of the program, the major elements including materials, processing; generalized material that is a collection of material properties, processing and generalized generalized force that is changing the shape of the boundary defining attributes collection. Architectural form is a collection of attributes, including the main elements of detail , structure hierarchy. The difference is, built environment means all associated with the bodys environment, from the beginning of all associated media to perceive all the external environment; and buildings associated interfaces do not necessarily provide a direct effect on peoples perception of the channel, being direct perception, to aware services, like hierarchical structure does not necessarily have to be perceived, but it is linked chain of life indispensable part, together with the rest of the construction of life. Building technology is not a traditional space and time coordinates relationship to define structure levels and the construction program of the building, but the people-oriented, individuals with social and cultural nature as a yardstick to determine the building material by all types of perceptual field superimposed manner property boundary material to form the basic components and parts, and thus logically associated construction to meet the needs of the dynamic development of integrated functionality into the core of the whole building, and ultimately the formation of common perception and memory interaction, integration of knowledge inside the architecture meaning and value judgments. B. Paradigm evolution and building technology Each has its own built environment exists reasonable vividness. Construction craft principle, based on the process of building a system configuration as a framework, the degree of media evolution, cognitive and operational scale to measure accuracy, to sense superimposed on cognitive domain, construction and performance of construction form and level of evolution as the standard building process paradigm into the building process occurs, intuitive manual monomer gestalt techniques, logical mechanical sub-composite technology, digital computing and other points of integration builds skill four evolution stages. With the evolution of the cognitive dimension of life: ignorant, deified, anatomy, life sciences, psychology, physics, the occurrence of cognitive theory, cognitive neuroscience, individual scale evolution expressed as divine monarch, individual anatomy, human rights and freedom, human factors, mechanical aesthetics, psychology, constructivism, sustainable development, the sequence of depth and integration. Material properties and processing associated by way affect the basic unit of construction and construction logic, the basic unit of aesthetic cognitive and aesthetic philosophy, continue to promote the evolution of architectural forms; time and space to determine the nature of the original conditions of the raw material represents the local is replaced by a new international order under the uniform building process represents human cognitive processing capacity and local. Multisensory site involved in manual processing to bring the building in the form of a sense of the limitatio ns of the processing capacity of humane scale early industrial processes resulting in limited access to basic material properties and associated elements and makes the whole built environment lacks humanity needs abundant and freely, digital computing Science and Technology It supports flexible integration of design and manufacturing processes to achieve a modern industrial building the humane sense of scale. Because the thought process is the general idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹the whole people deal with the external environment connected all, the difference between the levels of development process, far more than on the same level as between different sizes or specific spatial location defined by different types of buildings, or between cases differences. Machine Aesthetic Modernism does not refer to material or machining machine the same shape, but rather like a machine designed and built in line with the product from the principles of logic cut. Its core concept to grasp the principles of the art of architecture, combined with the evolution of socio-technical system, and constantly create new forms of modernism, for example, Arts and Crafts Movement and Art Nouveau, Bauhaus and machine aesthetics, late modernity doctrine and high-tech, minimalist, ecology and integrated digital computing generation, together constitute the main line of development of modernism, its unified nature. Just fine with respect to the human sensory system, the initial machining flexibility and community design concept to grasp the lack of capacity, resulting from the practice of modernism formal dogmatic interpretation of flooding and poor content. In cognitive neuroscience, science and technology of digital computing, sensing and more flexible integrated m anufacturing and other advanced scientific and technological achievements, supported by art form gradually shift from intuitive visual modeling to calculate a variety of shapes and feel integrated generation, computer-controlled machine in line with modernist aesthetics center more refined and rich cultural connotation of the architectural form of the concept is to be completely realized. Construction craft principle, based on the process of building a system constitutes a framework, refer to the Building Technology Paradigm and Evolution in the case and, combining modern architecture objective situation in China, it does not lead to sophisticated analysis crux of strategies for improvement. A. Cognition and Research on Principle China principle on the nature of modern architecture that is refined building awareness of its scientific significance of arts and humanities, research is not enough, the existing international studies and very few advanced building systems, depth and correct learning, understanding, application. Improvements: Learning the principles of construction of human life; to strengthen research and construction of the built environment essence of teaching, teaching basic theory of systemic architecture; the establishment of the big design concept; the establishment of a modern aesthetic based industrial process. B. Stages of social development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1840 to 1949, are being destroyed craftsmanship of traditional architecture and the beginning of Western Learning mostly symbolic formalism of modern architecture, a fine is immune. 1949 ~ big roof European style, emphasis on form language. Chinese modern building situation is precisely the delicate process towards the middle part, the development phase in which the question of inevitability. C. Life forms and demand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Construction status, various types of work and damage the aesthetic design of uncoordinated building surfaces showed that the construction industry and the society as a whole aesthetic ability, sensitivity needs to be improved. Improve the whole society of the modern architecture of exquisite aesthetic ability, training and raising awareness of perceptual sensitivity (or vision), to improve the cultural and aesthetic accomplishment (or vision). D. Structural design   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The corresponding material properties and their associated fine perception and cognition refined, modern industrial manufacturing technology has been reconstructed human life and aesthetic construction of the basic unit and its associated system rules, building systems to adapt to the industrial process based. Understanding modern technology, architectural detail and grasp an industrial manufacturing process node configuration is the need of modern architects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   China today has been lost in the construction of traditional craftsmanship, still stuck in the technical level of manual operation, did not enter the industrial process manufacturing stage. Manufacturing needs the intervention of modern industrial manufacturing process transformation construction, improve building manufacturing precision, flexibility levels. E. Vitality building mode   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Model design and construction of a human an effective life skills, such as a standard atlas, others architectural works; however, its vitality comes from the model combines flexible application specific conditions. Designers need to understand the principle, carry out a new model studies to building technology system and elements of the Platform: (1) the establishment of relevant advanced laboratories, such as cognitive research laboratory, material properties in a virtual environment research laboratory; (2) to collect feature data, such as peoples initiative from the bottom of the internal demand, mood, processing and materials; (3) a plasticity digital mode technology research, combined with modern computer technology to build digital plasticity model language repositories; (4) based on the above work, construction of a relational database to provide basic support for the CIBS. F. Establish a sound mechanism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Studio teaching mode: To establish and introduce industry-wide structure, mode of cooperation, the use of the underlying database, basic research methods, new growth point, in order to achieve a smooth integration and to improve students academic and social functioning; College of the teaching building, research work to unify basic research projects.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Binding studies and education. There are different types of industry research, such as the development of research disciplines of basic research, technology research related special laws regulate the industry standards, and so on. Among them, the most closely combined with the teaching of basic research is a discipline, because it is carried out in terms of research subjects on the basis of the overall concept, thinking and other subversive, rather than social practice during the gradual development; therefore most suitable for the new the beginning of a generation of education professionals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Through legislation to ensure direct involvement of a registered architect and architect of maintaining the registration authority. The role of a registered architect is not just reflected in the design drawings, but also to adapt to the market economy, in the construction project pre-planning, economic accounting, technical services, materials and timber, etc. should give full play to the fundamental improve the current construction enterprises backward technology readiness, design drawings cheap, low quality of workers and management level is not high status, improve construction quality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Establish sound policies for the protection of architectural and artistic quality and the establishment of national policies, regulations, laws and certain national institutions. G. Academic status of research, significance and innovation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the building process is a systematic study on cognition and exquisite architectural principles and methods of generation, about the nature of construction and architectural aesthetics, science, technology independent and complete a unified theory of architecture, the National Natural Science Fund Project Computer part of an integrated building system (CIBS) basic research . Architectural theory and practice of all aspects of profound significance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Building process principles, explains the aesthetic refinement of perceptual cognitive architecture, building performance, construction process, the principle of the nature of art, the proposed future generation of sophisticated construction technology and methods laid the foundation; building technology system configuration provides framework analysis construction technology Paradigm and Evolution and exquisite case method further evidence, deepen understanding, to draw on, and propose specific building process model and its vision of the new design method; Chinese modern architecture combined with the objective the actual situation, analyze the crux of the proposed improvement strategy. In this paper, the Chinese modern architecture development, improved teaching, research extension, architectural innovation and appreciation, the basic building technology system reform art, enlightening understanding, provide a theoretical basis, and provide a reference case re ference practices framework; the architecture source of innovation, will contribute to the cognitive ability to feel the birth and exquisite architecture, design innovation, and increase the ability of China to build a modern building management original design, which in turn helps to build exquisite architecture and the built environment, and ultimately high quality of life and modern Chinese architectural culture. This paper includes five innovation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Digital art computing research division of the integration build. In this paper, based on the theory building process principle and system configuration analysis, digital computing science and technology, we proposed the idea of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹cognition, integrated design and construction methods of the digital computing points of integration build skills, the exquisite architecture, the need for further technology research, in order to effectively used in modern architectural practice, generate new forms of exquisite architecture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Based on the principle of building processes, systems configuration, analysis and evolution of the system paradigm of Chinese modern architecture delicate task of defining the problem, problem analysis, proposed strategies to improve the systematic, integrity-related research is an innovation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In principle the building process, the system constitutes a systematic and scientific analysis of aesthetic perception, based on the combination of modern digital technology and computer science, advanced materials and manufacturing technology, excellent modern architecture concepts and practices, conceived the new elegant building generation and creation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Scientific architectural aesthetics and art studies terminology system, method: materialized and quantified. This thesis topic is to explain the principles and methods, both unity; nature of the world is unified and method, the building process theory is also part of the process of building a lot of aesthetic methodology included content. Conclusion Achievements of modern digital media and technology for the process of recording heritage, conservation, education, mass media, etc. provides a reference for the direct method; and organize research on the process of building heritage, our predecessors have been some achievements and experiences ; coupled with more intensive targeted supplementary survey analysis, by analyzing the differences between traditional construction process known geographical heritage, summed up a theory. Carried out on the basis of in-depth analysis and judgment, and even research results and application of the theory to other related disciplines, the necessary statistics, quantification and analysis, determination process originality, technical level, artisan skill level, and establishing appropriate standards and evaluation mode is also able to complete. By analyzing the questionnaires and the social, environmental industry, to identify existing problems and countermeasures places Carpenter, propose solut ions, but also in this period can be completed. All of these initial results, constitutes the final part of the protection and inheritance of an overall application of the system, and the scientific and meticulous preparation. In addition, through the establishment of heritage conservation practice base, with ancient local architectural craft practitioners, after theories and systems have made possible the pilot and Adjustment. Research on this question, need to combine theory and practice, research and application of both. Namely the fieldwork research-based, quantitative evaluation as the basic means to System, science and practical application system as the ultimate objective of the study. This paper discusses only the thinking of the traditional building craft heritage protection system, application framework, concrete results need further efforts to practice and shall continue to test and perfect. We look forward to the insight with advice and put together this study ranks.

Roaring Twenties Essay -- American History 1920s

The Roaring Twenties The decade of 1920-1929 was a time of great change, reform, improvement, adjustment and alteration of everything Americans had come to rely on. In other words everything changed. Not one part of common life was unaffected. Exciting new events happened in sports, entertainment, science, politics, communication and transportation. It was the age of prohibition, it was the age of prosperity, and it was the age of downfall. The twenties were the age of everything. It has been called the decade of enjoyment, employment, and for some, disappointment. The 20's were a decade to remember and it had an impact on the people living through it. During the 1920s the United States was in an economic high point. Following World War I people had more money to spend due to the wartime boom in the economy. People were able to buy products on credit, and pay small installments later. This process allowed people more freedom to purchase items, such as refrigerators, radios, and cars, when previously they had not been able to. The 1920s got its reputation as the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† from the economy in part because the economy was booming, and people were purchasing products on credit and stocks on margin. All this exchange of currency created a boom era or a â€Å"Roaring† period of time. In sports, athletes were being identified as heroes for the first time in history. This was the time of great athletes such as Babe Ruth. American Football reached the professional leagu...

Motivation: Reward System and the Role of Compensation :: Papers Management Business Essays

Motivation: Reward System and the Role of Compensation The design and management of reward systems present the general manager with one of the most difficult HRM tasks. This HRM policy area contains the greatest contradictions between the promise of theory and the reality of implementation. Consequently, organizations sometimes go through cycles of innovation and hope as reward systems are developed, followed by disillusionment as these reward systems fail to deliver. Rewards and employee satisfaction Gaining an employee's satisfaction with the rewards given is not a simple matter. Rather, it is a function of several factors that organizations must learn to manage: 1. The individual's satisfaction with rewards is, in part, related to what is expected and how much is received. Feelings of satisfaction or dissatisfaction arise when individuals compare their input - job skills, education, effort, and performance - to output - the mix of extrinsic and intrinsic rewards they receive. 2. Employee satisfaction is also affected by comparisons with other people in similar jobs and organizations. In effect, employees compare their own input/output ratio with that of others. People vary considerably in how they weigh various inputs in that comparison. They tend to weigh their strong points more heavily, such as certain skills or a recent incident of effective performance. Individuals also tend to overrate their own performance compared with the rating they receive from their supervisors. The problem of unrealistic self-rating exists partly because supervisors in most organizations do not communicate a candid evaluation of their subordinates' performance to them. Such candid communication to subordinates, unless done skillfully, seriously risks damaging their self-esteem. The bigger dilemma, however, is that failure by managers to communicate a candid appraisal of performance makes it difficult for employees to develop a realistic view of their own performance, thus increasing the possibility of dissatisfaction with the pay they are receiving. 3. Employees often misperceive the rewards of others; their misperception can cause the employees to become dissatisfied. Evidence shows that individuals tend to overestimate the pay of fellow workers

Effects of Technology on People Essay -- Technology Essays

Does technology affect people or do people affect technology? Technology affects every aspect of our lives, we all use it every day with little thought. People take it for granted, sometimes knowing little about what brought that technology into existence. At the same time older generations have a hard time adopting the new technologies and continue to favor technology they are accustomed. The idea of technology is as old as the human race. To understand technology; first we need a common definition. Technology is anything that makes a task easier for someone or something. There are many different authorities that attempt to answer this question. Quotes, journals, and other various sources lend themselves to the topic of technological evolution as an attempt to answer this big question. There are eight sources that I feel do the best job of answering the question. Sources argue that technology is only effected by us, others suggest that technology affects us. Surprisingly none of my sources suggest that it works both ways. My first artifact is a college thesis by Jane R. Thiebaud titled â€Å"The Effects of Technology on People†. This thesis clearly details how technology affects all aspects of our lives. Ranging from social interactions to medical applications. Thiebaud believes that technology has sped life up, made it impossible for us to keep up with others, and basically pushed us head first onto the hamster wheel of evolution. The rapid evolution of technology has blinded us and that society has created its own downfall. Online interactions remove certain face to face social aspects like body language, which sometimes make it harder to understand the meaning of what has been said (Thiebaud). Technology has decreased our use of ... ...Technology and Human Interaction (2011): 13. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Sood, Ashish and Gerard J. Tellis. "Technological Evolution and Radical." Journal of Marketing 69 (2005): 152-168. Online Archive. 11 May 2014. . Thiebaud, Jane R. "Effects of Technology on People: Living F2F Conversation and Social Interaction." Association, Media Ecology. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association. Vol. 11. 2010. 117-127. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Whipps, Heather. How Gunpowder Changed the World. 6 April 2008. Online. 10 May 2014. . Effects of Technology on People Essay -- Technology Essays Does technology affect people or do people affect technology? Technology affects every aspect of our lives, we all use it every day with little thought. People take it for granted, sometimes knowing little about what brought that technology into existence. At the same time older generations have a hard time adopting the new technologies and continue to favor technology they are accustomed. The idea of technology is as old as the human race. To understand technology; first we need a common definition. Technology is anything that makes a task easier for someone or something. There are many different authorities that attempt to answer this question. Quotes, journals, and other various sources lend themselves to the topic of technological evolution as an attempt to answer this big question. There are eight sources that I feel do the best job of answering the question. Sources argue that technology is only effected by us, others suggest that technology affects us. Surprisingly none of my sources suggest that it works both ways. My first artifact is a college thesis by Jane R. Thiebaud titled â€Å"The Effects of Technology on People†. This thesis clearly details how technology affects all aspects of our lives. Ranging from social interactions to medical applications. Thiebaud believes that technology has sped life up, made it impossible for us to keep up with others, and basically pushed us head first onto the hamster wheel of evolution. The rapid evolution of technology has blinded us and that society has created its own downfall. Online interactions remove certain face to face social aspects like body language, which sometimes make it harder to understand the meaning of what has been said (Thiebaud). Technology has decreased our use of ... ...Technology and Human Interaction (2011): 13. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Sood, Ashish and Gerard J. Tellis. "Technological Evolution and Radical." Journal of Marketing 69 (2005): 152-168. Online Archive. 11 May 2014. . Thiebaud, Jane R. "Effects of Technology on People: Living F2F Conversation and Social Interaction." Association, Media Ecology. Proceedings of the Media Ecology Association. Vol. 11. 2010. 117-127. Online Archive. 10 May 2014. . Whipps, Heather. How Gunpowder Changed the World. 6 April 2008. Online. 10 May 2014. .

Critical Analysis of Frustration Essay

The concept of this story is that war can never be justified through self-righteousness. That is, if a person is trying to start a war because he thinks himself to be better than his target, there is no just reason for him to do it. Most, if not all, wars are primarily begun by one man believing himself to be better than is target. This is proven through the history of Rome and other nations. But what makes war justified? Is there ever a reason to destroy another’s life? The answer is no. Starting a war can never be justified. This story proves that. In â€Å"Frustration† a man is trying to find proof that a justified war is indeed possible. His advanced technology allows him to run through computer simulations which, in theory, would find a series of events that would make this man’s war, right. The main issue that is brought up is that a computer, in itself, lacks self-righteousness, meaning that it places a much higher value on human lives than the average human does. But how does this make any difference? Humans naturally believe that they are in some way better than each other. If a man thinks that he is better than another man than what is to stop him from attempting to subdue and enslave the lesser man? It is this self-righteousness, unchanged by generations, that causes all wars. All through that ages humanity has stayed the same in their behaviors and characteristics. This story implies this even at the very beginning of it. â€Å"The whole meal has been prepared by computer. Untouched by human hands†. With these words we know that this story takes place in the future. Herman Gelb, the main protagonist in the story, is at a meeting ith the computer programmer Peter Jonsbeck. Immediately the conversation is turned upon the activities of old man Hargrove, the Secretary of Foreign Affairs. Herman is intrigued by the fact that Hargrove is intent on finding a war that is justifiable and efficient. At questioning this, Herman get the response from Peter, â€Å"He wants the world to be the way we are-noble, honest, decent, full of respect for human rights and so on†. Now we know that it is the self-righteousness of Hargrove that is leading him to perform these computer simulations. It shows that, in this author’s view, humanity is likely to stay unchanged in the future; ignorant from their distaste of the other man, self-righteousness driving them to believe that they are the best in the world. And so our characteristic of self-righteousness never changes. Our personal beliefs can never justify war. Self-righteousness makes us blind to the true needs of our fellow man, and in the end brings dissent among people, and war. Peter makes the quote, â€Å"And they’re keeping the pressure on us, too. They don’t think we’re perfect†, this shows that self-righteousness never travels one way, that is, one person may think he is superior to someone else but that someone else will not think that person superior to him. In the story the three men all believe that they need to conquer the world in order to make it like them. They use this to justify their reason for war. When Peter says, â€Å"Hargrove thinks it is possible to find some combination of starting conditions and courses of development that will result in clear victory for us and not too much damage to the world, and he labors in constant frustration. , we know that Hargrove is so consumed by his self-righteousness that he labors furiously in order to find some kind of equation that will make his war just. This relates to human nature in a way that is explicitly obvious. We do not want to be alone in the world and therefore try to make others to be like us. Sadly in this process we begin to believe that we are better than our fellow man. This is not so. â€Å"After all†, says Peter, â€Å"It may be that even the losing nations would benefit from being directed by us, with our stronger economy and stronger moral sense. These men in the story are blind. In believing that they have a stronger moral sense, they have proven their humanity. What kind of people, with a strong moral sense, would attempt to take over nations, in order for those nations to be like them. As a people we desire not to be alone but to be supported. However, through this desire, we get blinded from our true motives. Attempting to assimilate a people is not moral or just. It is simply, wrong. As a race we tend to put a much higher value on ourselves and our desires than the needs of our neighbours. Computers have no sense of self-righteousness, which is one of the key components of humanity’s character. Herman mentions to Peter that there would be casualties. In reply Peter says, â€Å"Yes, of course. But the computer will presumably compare the casualties and other damage-to the economy and ecology, for instance-to the benefits that would derive from our control of the world, and if it decides the benefits outweigh the casualties, then it will give the go-ahead for a ‘just war’†. The computers in the story could not find a good enough excuse for a â€Å"just war† because they had no sense of self-righteousness. They did not believe that they â€Å"needed to be in control of the world and subdue other nations. In response to an accusation from Gelb that Peter is in the computer programming business for the money, Peter defends himself saying, â€Å"There won’t be a war. There’s no realistic combination of events that would make the computer decide on war†. The computers put a much higher value on life than Hargrove and the others. Hargrove believed that the other nations needed to be controlled by them in order that they be â€Å"proper† nations. The computers could not justify war by the human’s need to be in control. Gelb is curious as to why there will not be a war so Peter tells him, â€Å"I don’t know any way of programming a computer to give what is most needed in any war, any persecution, any devilry, while ignoring any harm that may be done in the process. † Sadly this is true. Any war, in order to be begun, needs some sort of devilry in order for it to get a kickoff. Computers have no sense of devilry because they have no self-righteousness, and, therefore, they can find a reason to start a war for just reasons. Those reasons simply do not exist. Human nature never changes. Wars are wrought. Lives are lost. These wars can never be justified by man’s need to be superior to his neighbour. Ever since the dawn of mankind, wars have been fought because one man, or people, believed they were the superior. This characteristic had never changed through our history, and it never will. God gave us the command to love our neighbour as ourselves. However, as this story dictates, people often love themselves way more than their fellow man. Destruction and chaos have been driven by humanities self-righteousness. But as the story dictates, self-righteousness is never focused one way. People will not freely believe that someone else is better than them. We want others to be like us because we do not want to be alone in the world. Unfortunately through this process, we begin to believe that we are better than other people. This desire for attention leads to some of the world’s greatest tragedies and depressions. Computers lack what war needs in order to be begun. They lack any sense of devilry and self-righteousness. They place a higher value on life than the average man. Never will they justify war for the sole reason to assimilate another people or nation. No set of equations or circumstances can lead a computer to giving the â€Å"OK† for a just war. It just will not happen.