tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-20846992573088242492024-02-08T03:56:06.508-08:00Writing persuasive essayBest Topics For Persuasive EssayAddisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.comBlogger174125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-4289735214612916672020-08-25T05:18:00.001-07:002020-08-25T05:18:13.392-07:00Marketting mix on coca cola Essay ExampleMarketting blend on coca cola Paper The administrations advertising blend is additionally called the ups and incorporates the option of procedure, individuals and physical proof. 3. Ups of Neurotransmitter: Product implies the merchandise and enterprises mix the organization offer to the objective racket. Value: Price is the measure of cash client must compensation to acquire the item. 4. Ups of Marketplace: Place incorporates organization exercises that make the item accessible to target clients. Advancement: Promotion implies exercises that impart the benefits of item and convince target clients to get it. 5. ACS of Marketings is additionally significant for promoting blend. The four CSS incorporates O Customer Solutions Customer Cost Convenience Communication 6. Coca Cola Founded in refreshment concentrates and syrups, used to deliver in excess of 230 drink brands. The corporate central station are in Atlanta, with neighborhood tasks in about 200 nations around the globe. The Coca Cola Company is a pioneer in the cokes business, with a large number of workers and workplaces in the whole world, making it an emporium of refreshments. 7. Vision Mission The Coca-Cola Company vision proclamation is to be the pioneer in the refreshments business. The companys primary objective is to continue being number one selling coke on the planet and to build their salaries, a similar way they have done in their previous years. 8. Qualities The items that this organization produces are difficult to duplicate. These items have included worth The nature of the items arrives at best expectations Is a pioneer in the business Is known in all the world 9. Showcasing Mix of Coc a Collateralized Product: The Coca-Cola Companys items incorporate drink concentrates and syrups, with the primary item being done refreshments. We will compose a custom paper test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Marketting blend on coca cola explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The business has more than 300 brands of refreshments around the globe with the fundamental ones being Coke, Fauna, Lift, Sprite, and Powered. Distinctive Price: The costs of Coca-colas items fluctuate as indicated by the brand and the size. Each sub-brand of coca cola has diverse estimating procedure. Their hustling system depends on the contenders valuing, Pepsi is the immediate contender to coke. 10. Advertising Mix of Coca Collaborationist Activities: The Coca-Cola Company sells its items by packaging and canning tasks. The merchants arrived at the coke to the wholesalers and the wholesalers arrived at it to retailers. Also, finally the clients purchase coca cola from retailer shop. Advancement Activities: Advertising The Coca-Cola Company utilizes promoting as its fundamental wellspring of expanding shopper mindfulness. It mostly utilizes the TV. There are numerous TV commercials on Coca-Cola items. This source permits the companys items to contact an enormous crowd. 11. Coca-Cola in Evenhandedness-Cola is the most mainstream and greatest selling soda pop demanding, just as the most popular item on the planet. Cochlea is the most seasoned brand in Bangladesh. From the last 50 yearbooks cola has been promoting its items through electroencephalograms of Bangladesh. Notwithstanding, presently it is advertised Abdul Money Limited. It promoted coca cola under power of the coca cola organization, USA and conveys central Cola, Sprite and Fauna in Bangladesh. 12. Promoting blend of Coca Cola in Bangladesh:product: Coca Cola offers two efferent sweet and enhanced cola in our nation. This is typical cola and another is abstaining from excessive food intake Cola. Coca Cola doesn't much of the time change its taste. It has numerous dietary benefits like Pepsi. It serves distinctive sort of drink like Sprite, Fauna, and so on. Value: Coca Cola Bangladesh Limited consistently attempts to keep a standard cost. It likewise offers limited time limits, remittances, credit terms and installment period for the stores and Restaurants. Coca Cola, moreover, offers limits in a family size jug much of the time. To thing customer purchasing power the coca cola organization fabricate efferent sorts of can for our nations individuals, with the goal that they can without much of a stretch get it. 13. Advertising blend of Coca Cola in Bangladesh:place: Coca Cola Bangladesh Limited has a solid dissemination channel to disperse their Coca Cola. They make Coca Cola simple to get and accessible to the client wherever through their master merchants channel. Their vehicle offices, channels of dissemination, inclusion territory, and so forth. Are kept up safely. Advancement: Coca cola burns through a great many dollar for and shading to promote. Coca Cola makes deals advancement, publicizing, power selling, advertising, direct promoting, and so forth. Here and there nearby and worldwide games initiated by the assistance of coca cola Bangladesh Ltd. 14. Summarys Cola now a brand all around the word. Consistently they advance their market each side of the world. In excess of 60 percent soda pops preferred individuals like coca cola. They have various types of items like Coke, Sprite, Fauna, Lift and so forth. They generally attempt to give their item low cost with various bundling. As it is a soda pop, Coca-Cola Company follows Intensive Distribution. It is discovered pretty much wherever in Bangladesh. As far as advancements they utilize Emotional Appeal. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-5524849604526850372020-08-22T03:23:00.001-07:002020-08-22T03:23:24.915-07:00Frantz Fanon on “National Culture”In ââ¬Å"On National Culture,â⬠an article gathered in The Wretched of the Earth, Frantz Fanon closer views the accompanying oddity: ââ¬Å"national identity,â⬠while indispensable to the rise of a Third World transformation, incomprehensibly cutoff points such endeavors at freedom since it re-engraves an essentialist, totalizing, fetishized, regularly white collar class explicit comprehension of ââ¬Å"nationâ⬠as opposed to empowering a nuanced explanation of an abused people's social heterogeneity across class lines.In different words, in spite of the fact that the idea of ââ¬Å"nationâ⬠unjustifiably describes colonized subjects as verifiably brought together in their crudeness or colorfulness, the term's guarantee of solidarity and solidarity frequently demonstrates accommodating in any case in their endeavors at political enhancement. Fanon energizes a realist conceptualization of the country that is put together less with respect to aggregate social custo ms or precursor love as political organization and the aggregate endeavor to destroy the financial establishments of frontier rule.Colonialism, as Fanon contends, genuinely incapacitates the colonized subject as well as denies her of a ââ¬Å"pre-colonialâ⬠social legacy. But, on the off chance that expansionism in this sense electrifies the local scholarly to ââ¬Å"renew contact again with the most established and most pre-pioneer spring of life of their people,â⬠Fanon is mindful so as to call attention to that these endeavors at recuperating national progression from the beginning of time are frequently created and at last self-defeating.ââ¬Å"I am prepared to concede,â⬠he concedes, ââ¬Å"that on the plane of authentic being the past presence of an Aztec human progress doesn't transform anything especially in the eating routine of the Mexican laborer of today. â⬠In the section underneath, Fanon clarifies that ââ¬Å"national identityâ⬠just conveys m eaning to the extent that it mirrors the consolidated progressive endeavors of a persecuted people focusing on aggregate freedom: A national culture isn't an old stories, not a theoretical populism that trusts it can find the individuals' actual nature.It isn't comprised of the inactive residue of needless activities, in other words activities which are less and less appended to the ever-present truth of the individuals. A national culture is the entire collection of endeavors made by a people in the circle of thought to portray, legitimize, and acclaim the activity through which that individuals has made itself and keeps itself in presence. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-79068960103269965072020-07-29T16:50:00.001-07:002020-07-29T16:50:03.803-07:00Techniques to Tame the Fight or Flight ResponseTechniques to Tame the Fight or Flight Response Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Print Taming the Fight or Flight Response By Marcia Purse Marcia Purse is a mental health writer and bipolar disorder advocate who brings strong research skills and personal experiences to her writing. Learn about our editorial policy Marcia Purse Updated on September 17, 2019 PhotoAlto/John Dowland / Getty Images More in Bipolar Disorder Symptoms Mania and Hypomania Depression Diagnosis Treatment When faced with a situation that causes extreme anxiety or fear, our bodies will respond with a sudden display of physiological symptoms including a racing heart, tensed muscles, balled fists, pupil dilation, and shallow, rapid breathing. These physical reactions are what we call the fight or flight response (also known as hyperarousal or acute stress response). This is when the perception of a threat triggers a cascade of physiological changes as the brain sets off an alarm throughout the central nervous system. As a result, the adrenal glands will start pumping out hormones, called adrenalin and noradrenalin, which place the body on high alert to either confront the threat (fight) or leave as quickly as possible (flight). These physiological changes are not incidental but rather serve specific, important functions: Rapid pulse and respiration increase oxygen intake for rapid or prolonged action.The conversion of the bodys fuel source (glycogen) to fuel (glucose) allows for a burst of energy in muscles.The dilation of the pupils is considered an evolutionary response meant to allow more light into the eye to see better at night. The fight or flight response is reflexive, allowing us to act before thinking (such as slamming on the brakes to avoid an accident). When the Fight or Flight Response Is Abnormal While the fight or flight response is a vital self-defense mechanism, some people have an overly sensitive response. For these individuals, the physiological features occur either far too frequently or inappropriately. There may be several reasons for this: An imbalance in brain hormones such as anxiety and bipolar disorders??Post-traumatic distressA history of verbal or physical abuse It is not only exhausting to spend so much time in a state of high alert, but it can also be physically damaging. The physical consequences of acute stress can include high blood pressure, migraine headaches, and the exacerbation of fibromyalgia, chronic gastritis, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms. Treatment In those with an abnormal fight or flight response, treatment more often involves counseling and psychotherapy to better identify the psychological or psychiatric roots. In some cases, pharmaceutical treatment may be indicated, particularly if related to severe anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).?? In other cases, self-help techniques may help alleviate the involuntary physiological symptoms associated with the fight or flight response. One such technique involves a three-part breathing exercise which allows a person to voluntarily slow the breathing, the action of which can also bring down both the heart rate and adrenaline response.?? The exercise, which incorporates some of the technique of pranayama breathing in yoga, involves six basic steps: Find a place thats quiet. Turn off the phone and close doors and curtains.Sit in a straight-back chair with both feet on the ground, or lie on the floor.Place your right hand on your stomach and your left hand on your rib cage so that you can physically feel your inhalation and exhalation.Start inhaling by expanding the belly outward, allowing it to inflate like a balloon.Next, move your breath into the rib cage and all the way into the upper chest.Exhale by reversing this action, contracting your abdominal muscles as you finish. You can practice this in one-minute intervals with the aim of gradually increasing to five minutes. The practice may not only help alleviate acute attacks but can be used as a means of de-stressing as part of a daily routine. Other non-prescription treatment options include valerian and passionflower (herbal supplements commonly used as non-addictive relaxants)?? and B-complex which may help regulate stress chemical produced by the brain.?? The avoidance of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine is also recommended. How to Use Relaxation Techniques Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-72009566532336823072020-05-22T17:00:00.001-07:002020-05-22T17:00:03.833-07:00Will Electronic Technology Make Printed Books ObsoleteWill Electronic Technology Make Printed Books Obsolete? The world has gone through a lot of technological advancements in the last hundred years. Scientists have even managed to construct an air vehicle and successfully ride it. The invention of the computer was another important landmark in the human history. The Internet has come along and radically changed the methods of human communication. Scientists call it the Information Age. However, will innovative technologies ever replace the book or the written word as a main source of information? This is quite an interesting question that is often asked when some new invention is made in technology. When television was invented, most people prophesied that the radio would become obsolete. Nevertheless, all those prophecies have failed. When computers became popular, many people feared that it can decrease the number of work places. They thought that this new machine would eventually replace human labor. However, we all know that computers have created more jobs, and technicians are finding new applications for computers every day. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-21230157100212703992020-05-09T19:14:00.001-07:002020-05-09T19:14:03.478-07:00The Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Cover Up The Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Cover Up What You Need to Do About Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Starting in the Next Eight Minutes Make certain not to miss any important pieces, and, needless to say, don't forget to be sure it stays individual reveal how precisely you have come from your research data to your conclusions. In order to correctly plan your time in the coming months, first read through each application which you plan to submit to figure out the quantity and nature of the essays you will have to write. You could then end to your educational or career background associated with your application. To begin with, you include all of the information which you have gathered, then you slice off the less relevant and meaningful pieces until you get to the essential volume, thus refining the outcome. Within this instance, how you organize the letter might vary widely, based on what you're attempting to say and th e story you've got to tell. Because that undertaking is intimidating, it's often hard to choose where to get started. Just as you ought to do during the undergraduate school application procedure or with a work opening, give the men and women you are asking enough time to compose a thoughtful letter. What to Do About Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples With the assistance of certain on-line resources, like this one, you receive a chance to download various books and manuals in the most effective way. Looking for rare books on the internet can be torturous, but it doesn't have to be like that. Almost all of examples are posted as a member of writing guides published on the internet by educational institutions. Firstly, and above all, you won't have the ability to locate such a huge range of unique materials anywhere else, including PDF books. The Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Game Pharmacy school isn't about learning how to fill medications and making plenty of money. Advancing the area of nursing is not simply a professional success, but a personal success too. You might find out that what you feel you want as a nursing career, isn't really what you desire! You can receive a complete collection of expert nursing organizations at Nurse.org. Based on how well you communicate, I may be able to realize your passion for nursing and your future, too. What's more, nurse practitioners are getting to be the doctors of tomorrow in the middle of an overall physician shortage. You have to high-light your abilities and show the school you've got the ambition to learn what they are able to teach you. The shortage of competent professors in the locale of nursing will perpetuate the lack of university degreed healthcare professionals in the business. Inside my experience, Quakers are genuinely delighted to respond to your questions whenever you have a shared interest. Being aware of what to expect after you graduate can help you choose which program to apply for and allow you to target your statement or essay in a manner that will present your commitment. Consider why it is you are applying to the school in the very first location, and brainstorm, picking a few ideas that you could elaborate on in an essay. If you are trying to compose a nursing school essay, this will provide help. Therefore, if you don't feel confident about your writing skills or don't have any opportunity to compose your own nursing essay properly, you may always get online and try to find some customized essay writing services. By doing that the student stays true to the very first paragraph in supplying a very clear direction throughout the whole essay. You must make the essay school-specific. If you find and deal with the best one, you can be certain your essay is going to be to the point, well-written, and delivered in time. Your essay is going to be required to be of a specific quantity. Review the prompt thoroughly and plan your essay before you get started writing to make sure that you make an essay which will be an effective and persuasive accession to your application package. New Step by Step Roadmap for Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples Many schools want to understand why a student is applying to that specific college. You can and ought to mention the specific school to which you're applying. Our students are inclined to be practiced professionals that are really committed to making a difference. Every high school student has to experience the difficult procedure for filling out college applications. Up in Arms About Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples? If you don' t, it's possible to actually hurt your odds of admission. On the flip side, a fantastic essay or private statement will enable you to stand out and boost your opportunity of getting admitted, even if other components of your application aren't stellar. Solely by performing an excellent research can you gather the sufficient foundation for writing a fantastic admission essay. If you're asking for a BSN program your written statement may be known as a personal statement rather than an essay. What to Expect From Undergraduate School of Education Application Essay Samples? Then an alternate strategy, like your own personal story, might be a good tactic. While writing is always a helpful skill, it's clearly not critical to the job of a nurse. Many people can relate to the angst of attempting to assemble an admissions-winning composition. This is sometimes a fantastic tactic, but you have to make certain that you use essay samples the right way. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-12672165419988861772020-05-06T10:22:00.001-07:002020-05-06T10:22:01.958-07:00The Adaptation of Archaea to Acidity Free Essays The adaptation of archaea in acidic condition. How archaea adapt to acidic environment ? Use variety pH homeostatic mechanism that involve restricting proton entry by cytoplasmic membrane and purging of protons and their effect by cytoplasm. pH homeostatic mechanisms The cell membrane is highly impermeable to protons Membrane channel have a reduced pore size. We will write a custom essay sample on The Adaptation of Archaea to Acidity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Protein influx inhibited by chemiosmotic gradient Excess proton pumped out of the cell Cytoplasmic buffering helps to maintain the intracellular pH 1. The cell membrane is highly impermeable to protons High impermeable cell membrane to restrict proton influx into the cytoplasm Example : Archaeal-specific structures composed of tetraether lipids . Thermoplasma acidophilum, Ferroplasma acidiphilum, sulfolobus solfataricus. Factor causing low permeability of acidophile membranes. Monolayer composed of unique ââ¬Å"tetraether lipidsâ⬠in which two hydrophilic heads attached to the same hydrophobic tail through ether bonds ââ¬â more stable, less fluid Bulky isoprenoid core. Ether linkage characteristic of these membranes less sensative to acid hydrolysis than ester linkage. 2. Membrane channel have a reduced pore size. Control size of the entrance to the pore and the ion selectivity at the porin entrance. Control influx of proton across the outer membrane 3. Protein influx inhibited by chemiosmotic gradient Inhibit the influx of protons using a chemiosmotic barrier against the proton gradient (higher ? lower) Chemiosmosis : diffusion of hydrogen ion across the biological membrane via transport protein due to a proton gradient that form on the other side of the membrane. 4. Excess proton pumped out of the cell Active proton pumping Remove excess protons from cytoplasm and balance the pH value in cell. Sequences acidophile genomes have proton efflux systems. 5. Cytoplasmic buffering helps to maintain the intracellular pH Intracellular mechanism help to improve the ensuing biological damage. Cytoplasmic buffer molecules that have basic amino acids capable of sequestering protons. Thus maintain the pH in cytoplasm. References 1. D. B. Johnson, K. B. Hallberg The microbiology of acidic mine waters Res. Microbiol. , 154 (2003), pp. 466ââ¬â473 2. G. K. Druschelà et al. Acid mine drainage biogeochemistry at Iron Mountain California. Geochem. Trans. , 5 (2004), pp. 13ââ¬â32 3. T. Rohwerderà et al. Bioleaching review part A. Progress in bioleaching: fundamentals and mechanisms of bacterial metal sulfide oxidation Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. , 63 (2003), pp. 239ââ¬â248 How to cite The Adaptation of Archaea to Acidity, Papers Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-59365656526006998422020-04-29T01:21:00.001-07:002020-04-29T01:21:02.834-07:00The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat free essay sample The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat What is completely amazing is that with these conditions attacking his mental abilities Dr. P was able to function and continue working with his music students. The left side of the brain controls four very important everyday functions. Listening, calculations, logic and analysis. The author makes a very interesting observation. Neurology and psychology discuss many facets and explanations of our mental processes but almost never talk of ââ¬Å"judgmentâ⬠. However, whether in a philosophic sense or an empirical and evolutionary sense, judgment is the most important faculty we have. Judgment must be the first faculty of higher life or mind, yet it is ignored or misinterpreted by classical neurology. After several examinations Dr. Sacks concluded Dr. P was not capable of describing a glove properly. A five year old can describe a glove. Dr. P was completely lost in attempting the six faces put in front of him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Evidently there was difficulty in some of the attributes of the right side of the brain also. When questioned by Dr. P as to what was wrong with him and what recommendations he would make Dr. Sacks replied in this way; I canââ¬â¢t tell you what I find wrong with you, but Iââ¬â¢ll l say what I find right. You are wonderful musician and music is your life. In a case like yours, you must make music your whole life. That was the last time Dr. Sacks saw Dr. P. The brain is a machine and a computer. With one major difference. Our mental processes which constitute our being and life are not abstract and mechanical, but personal as well. This means we not only classify and categorize but we continue to judge and feel. If this is missing there is another Dr. P on the horizon. In his introduction Dr. Sacks makes one important reference to the right side of the brain to use his terminology the ââ¬Å"right hemisphereâ⬠, in relationship to direct consciousness. The listings include emotion, conceptual daydreaming, creativity, and everyday functions, taken for granted, until something goes amiss. Then the right becomes as important as the left. Especially in the patient doctor relationship. References The Man Who Mistook His Wife For a Hat By Dr. Oliver Sacks Published By Simon amp; Schuster New York Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-57262528444349126602020-03-20T09:29:00.001-07:002020-03-20T09:29:03.752-07:00The Public Relations Practitioner as Cultural Intermediary Essay ExampleThe Public Relations Practitioner as Cultural Intermediary Essay Example The Public Relations Practitioner as Cultural Intermediary Essay The Public Relations Practitioner as Cultural Intermediary Essay symbolic interactionism, and ethnomethodology. Babbie and Mouton (2001:33) conclude that regardless of the related metatheory, the primary aim of interpretivism stays directed towards understanding: ââ¬Å"understanding of individuals in terms of their own interpretations of reality and understanding of society in terms of the meanings which people ascribe to the social practices in that societyâ⬠. Following will be a discussion of hermeneutics as a related metatheory to interpretivism. 3. 2. 1. 1 Hermeneutics as a metatheory The term ââ¬Å"hermeneuticsâ⬠is defined as ââ¬Å"the science and methodology of interpreting textsâ⬠by the Encarta Dictionary (S. a. ). De Vos, Schultze and Patel (2005:6) states only hermeneutics as a related metatheory to interpretive social science, but Babbie and Mouton (2001:30) lists several related metatheories such as hermeneutics, symbolic interactionism, and ethnomethodology. In the process of understanding the nature of human inquiry, Dilthey used the term ââ¬Å"hermeneuticsâ⬠increasingly. ââ¬Å"In the same way that we understand the meaning of texts through interpretation, we should aim to interpret the ideas, purposes and other mental states expressed in the world of human actionâ⬠(Babbie and Mouton, 2001:31). De Vos, Schultze and Patel (2005:7) agree that ââ¬Å"true meaning is rarely simple or obvious on the surface; one reaches it only through a detailed study of the text, contemplating its many messages and seeking the connections among its partsâ⬠. Babbie and Mouton (2001:33) further states that in an idealist epistemology, data collection should not be confined to observable behaviour, but should also include descriptions of peopleââ¬â¢s intentions, meanings, and reasons. Culture in this instance will substitute ââ¬Å"peopleâ⬠in Babbie and Moutonââ¬â¢s definition. The emphasis thus is on interpretive understanding of the culture. Concluded from the information stated above, an interpretive approach would be most suitable to research the role of the public relations manager as cultural intermediary. . Postmodernism, globalization and culture in communication: a brief discussion 4. 1 Postmodern communication At approximately the same time that South Africa proceeded to become a democracy, a new movement, postmodernism, emerged. Postmodernism embodies a complicated term, which has only emerged as an area of academic study since the mid-1980ââ¬â¢s and is a general, wide-ranging term which is applied to literature, art, philosophy, architecture, fiction, cultural and literary criticism, and communication. Postmodernism is largely a reaction to the assumed certainty of scientific (objective) efforts to explain reality. In essence, it stems from a recognition that reality is not simply mirrored in human understanding of it, but rather, is constructed as the mind tries to understand its own particular and personal reality. For this reason, postmodernism is highly sceptical of explanations which claim to be valid for all groups, cultures, traditions, or races, and instead focuses on the relative truths of each person. Postmodernism relies on concrete experience over abstract principles, knowing always that the outcome of ones own experience will necessarily be fallible and relative, rather than certain and universal. According to Steyn (2002:25), the postmodernism approach to society (and the individualââ¬â¢s place in it) comprises many different elements of which the most prominent aspect is the fragmented nature of society. Postmodernism is, to a large extent, a rejection of modernism. Whilst modernism is optimistic about the future and embraces progress and humanist value, postmodernism take a cynical approach towards these ââ¬Å"valuesâ⬠. In addition, De Vos, Schultze and Patel (2005:8) emphasize that modernism has confidence in technology and science whilst postmodernism attacks this faith in science ââ¬Å"by questioning its capacity to generate truth, in part because, like all human communications, it is dependent on language, which is socially constructed, and, as such, distorts realityâ⬠. Considering the above and the questions posed in the introduction of this assignment, it could be argued that the disarray in the contemporary corporate society is largely due to the postmodern reflection on society and not as such due to any hierarchal incompetence. For the past three decades, postmodernism dominated the cultural and intellectual scene in many fields throughout the world. The postmodern assault produced new social and political theories, as well as theoretical attempts to define the multifaceted aspects of the postmodern phenomenon itself, which in turn, seems aptly applicable to the current multi-cultural experience in South Africa. 4. 2 Globalization and communication Globalization refers to the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole (www. sociology. emory. du). In thought and action, it makes the world a single place. What it means to live in this place, and how it must be ordered, become universal questions. These questions receive different answers from individuals and societies that define their position in relation to both a system of societies and the shared properties of humankind from very different perspectives. Globalization broadly refers to the expansion of global linkages, the organization of social life on a global scale, and the growth of a global consciousness, hence to the consolidation of a world society. In concept, globalization is, contrary to contemporary belief, not a new one. The modern world-system originated around 1500. In parts of Western Europe, a long-term crisis of feudalism gave way to technological innovation and the rise of market institutions. Advances in production and incentives for long-distance trade stimulated Europeans to reach other parts of the globe. Superior military strength and means of transportation enabled them to establish economic ties with other regions that favoured the accumulation of wealth in the European core. While the Europeans started with only small advantages, they exploited these to reshape the world in their capitalist image. The world as a whole is now devoted to endless accumulation and profit seeking on the basis of exchange in a market that treats goods and labour alike as commodities. (www. sociology. emory. edu). The magnitude and the impact of globalization on world trade is illustrated by Friedman (2005:181-182) who developed and interesting perspective that, due to globalization, the world has become ââ¬Å"flatâ⬠. In the last decade of the twentieth century, several parts of the world were making the transition from a closed economy to a free market system, such as China, India, Russia, and Eastern Europe. By 2000, the ââ¬Å"global economic world,â⬠the amount of the worldââ¬â¢s population participating in global trade, reached six billion people, compared to 2. 5 billion in 1985. As it happened, this coincided with the digital revolution that was ââ¬Å"flat teningâ⬠the world, thus not only leveling the playing field, but also bringing that field directly to these new playersâ⬠. Philosophers such as Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980) predicted, if not recognized, globalization in the way society is experiencing it today, as early as the 1960ââ¬â¢s. It was during this time period when McLuhan both announced the existence of a ââ¬Å"global villageâ⬠, and predicted the intensification of the world community to its present expression. ââ¬Å"If the work of the city is the remaking or translating of man into a more suitable form than his nomadic ancestors achieved, then might not our current translation of our entire lives into the spiritual form of information seem to make of the entire globe, and of the human family, a single consciousness? (McLuhan, as quoted by Kappelman, www. leaderu. com). All of this was supposed at a time when television was still in its infancy, and the personal computer was almost twenty years into the future. Globalization in its current status is largely due to interconnectedness via satellite and cable connection. The majority of mass- and interpersonal communication today is transmitted through the effective use of information technology. The result, according to Hannerz (2001:62) is that a great many kinds of actors now operate, if not literally globally, then at least transnational. There are more ââ¬Å"ethnic diasporasâ⬠than ever before, dispersed membership groups, multinational business corporations and transnational occupational communities, each one engaged in ââ¬Å"its own particular way in the management of some part of contemporary cultureâ⬠. Hannerzââ¬â¢ view underlines the importance of a public relations practitioner acting as a cultural intermediary within a globalized society. 4. 3 Multi-cultural communication Ramphele (2008:112-113) states that ââ¬Å"all South Africans are newcomers to democracy. We (South Africans) must acknowledge our authoritarian political heritage. It will not simply go away in the face of a democratic national constitution. Building a participatory, inclusive democratic culture is a long term process of cultural change. Schools, homes, communities and the workplace have distinctive and mutually supportive roles to play in thisâ⬠. Rampheleââ¬â¢s statement addresses the topic of this assignment in more than one aspect. Not only is South Africa as a democratic union in its infancy in comparison to global democratic practices, but is the way in which we approach, and are approached by the international community, a new-fangled experience. South Africans as a whole have to deal with its own internal multi-cultural aspects, as well as the exposure to international cultures simultaneously, which is more apparent as to why a public relations manager should be able to act as a cultural intermediary. George (2003:Online) highlight this aspect, stating that by ââ¬Å"understanding the cultural uniqueness of a country enables a public relations practitioner to identify the most effective message, format, channel of communication, and spokesperson to deliver that message. It is noticeable from the above that, in order to communicate effectively to its publics, the public relations practitioner must be able to understand and interpret multicultural identities. 4. 3. 1 Culture and cultural identities Samovar, Porter and McDaniel (2007:123-125) argues that cultural identity is a focal element in intercultural communication. An individualââ¬â¢s culture shapes his or her understanding and expectations as to which is the correct communication practices for various social settings ââ¬â some which may be appropriate to one culture, may be inappropriate in another. Issues of identity can be expected to remain ââ¬â and perhaps become more ââ¬â complex as multiculturalism increasingly characterizes contemporary society. It is clear, however, that the old understanding of a fixed cultural identity or ethnicity is outdated, and identity is rapidly becoming more of and ââ¬Å"articulated negotiation between what you call yourself and what other people are willing to call youâ⬠. But regardless of what form they may take or how they are achieved, your identities will remain a consequence of culture. Cultural differences appear in many ways and in many forms along a set of key dimensions. Nolan (1999:5-6) list six variables on which cultural differences can be distinguished: Perceptions: People from different cultures do not necessarily see the same things, even when everyone is looking in the same di rection. Interpretations: People do not select, interpret, or remember what they see in the same way, even when they see the same thing. Facts: Because people from different cultures have different definitions of the situation, they use different pieces of information in their thinking. Goals: People from different cultures may have quite different purposes or destinations in mind. Methods: Even when destinations are the same, people may have different ways of getting there. Values: People from different cultures apply very different standards in their evaluations of individuals, situations, behaviors and outcomes. Although Nolanââ¬â¢s variables appear to be overtly simplified, these variables could be a good starting point when approaching multi-cultural studies. However, the most popular advance to cultural studies stems from the work of anthropologist, Edward T. Hall who did pioneering work in multi-cultural research such as proxemics, a study of perception and the use of space between gender and culture. For example: there are important cultural rules and boundaries between the sexes, which mean we cannot move about as we would wish to think we can. Different cultures have differing norms and attitudes towards personal space and how closely people stand to each other when communicating. More intimate communications have different norms. If someone breaks the norm in any given situation it might be interpreted as threatening or unfriendly. Hall also found that different cultures have different norms to do with time, friendship, business, written and oral agreements. Spatial zones are different for women and men. Women initially approach more closely, prefer side-by-side conversations, allow other women to be closer than men, whilst men have more face-to-face conversations, and tend to stand closer to women than women feel comfortable with. ( onepine. info/mcult2. tm) More appropriate to this assignment though, is Hallââ¬â¢s conceptualization of high and low context cultural factors. In essence, in a high-context culture, there are many contextual elements that help people to understand the rules. As a result, much is taken for granted. This can be very confusing for a person who does not understand the unwritten rules of the specific culture. In a low-context culture, very little is taken for granted. Whilst this means that more explanation is needed, it also means there is less chance of misunderstanding, particularly when visitors are present. The application of Hallââ¬â¢s high- and low-context cultures is explained in table 2: Table 2: Hallââ¬â¢s high and low context culture Factor High-context culture Low-context culture Overtness of messagesMany covert and implicit messages, with use of metaphor and reading between the linesMany overt and explicit messages that is simple and clear Locus of control and attribution for failureInner locus of control and personal acceptance for failure Outer locus of control and blame of others for failure Use of non-verbal ommunicationMuch nonverbal communicationMore focus on verbal communication than body language Expression of reactionReserved, inward reactionsVisible, external, outward reaction Cohesion and separation of groupsStrong distinction between in-group and out-group Strong sense of familyFlexible and open grouping patterns, changing as needed People bonds Strong people bonds with affiliation to family and communityFragile bonds between people with little sense of loyalty Level of commitment to relationshipsHigh commitment to long-term relationships Relationship more important than taskLow commitment to relationship Task more important than relationships Flexibility of time Time is open and flexible Process is more important than productTime is highly organized Product is more important than process (http://changingminds. org/explanations/culture/hall_culture. htm) Applying the preceding two concepts as is to South Africaââ¬â¢s multi-cultural community would be rather complicated. The diverse compilation of cultures in South Africa simply does not allow for a ââ¬Å"yes or noâ⬠answer. It would be required to analyze each of the eleven cultures in the country, including the free inflow of neighboring nationalities, in order to devise a suitable paradigm from which an applicable variable could be devised. This seems a rather daunting challenge. How then, to proceed to an acceptable, predictable, and definable course? Hannerz (2001:58) suggest that ââ¬Å"we need a counter-image to that of the cultural mosaic, one that does not take for granted the boundedness of cultures and their simple relationship to populations and territories, but allows as a point of departure a more open, interconnected world. â⬠To achieve that, and to move above the constraints of a multi-cultural collective, the student consulted Lullââ¬â¢s concept of a ââ¬Å"supercultureâ⬠(see fig. 1). According to Lull (2001:132-163), contemporary cultural conditions ââ¬Å"appear to only exacerbate the confusion, isolation, and existential despair. The historically unparalleled development of communications technology and the sweep of globalization that surrounds us today are changing the very nature and meaning of culture. A superculture refers to a cultural mode that is above other modes, has a higher rank, quality and abundance than is reflected in other conceptions of culture. â⬠It certainly exceeds the norms which typify and limit traditional ways of thinking about culture. Supercultures are composed in part of symbolic content that is made available by super media. The question immediately rises as to how cultural identities, for instance those officially recognized within South Africaââ¬â¢s geographical borders, fit into the concept of a superculture? The answer can be derived to from Lullââ¬â¢s explanation: ââ¬Å"The super culture is the cultural matrix that individuals create for themselves in a world where access to ââ¬Ëdistantââ¬â¢ cultural resources has expanded enormously. At the same time, however, the superculture embodies traditional or ââ¬Ëcloseââ¬â¢ cultural resources too ââ¬â the values and social practices characteristic of ââ¬Ëlocalââ¬â¢ cultures as they are learned and reproduced by individuals and group. The essence of the supercultures resides in the dynamic interfaces that link and mediates the available cultural spheres. â⬠(Lull, 2001:132) Figure 1: Major components of Lullââ¬â¢s superculture (Lull, 2001: 139-157) To conclude the section on culture: in order to appropriately apply communication between multi-cultural identities, which in this instance signify the public relation practitioner and his or her publics, the student propose the implementation of Grunigââ¬â¢s two-way symmetrical model which ââ¬Å"use communication to negotiate with publics, resolve conflict, and promote mutual understanding and respect between the organization and its public(s). â⬠(http://iml. jou. ufl. edu). 5. Conclusion Friedman (2005:324-325) noted that ââ¬Å"to reduce a countryââ¬â¢s economic performance to culture alone is ridiculous, but to analyze a countryââ¬â¢s economic performance without reference to culture, is equally ridiculous. As the world goes flat (globalize) , and more and more of the tools of collaboration get distributed and commoditized, the gap between cultures that have the will, the way and the focus to quickly adopt these new tools and apply them, and those that do not, will matter more. The differences between the two will become more amplified. Cultures that is open and willing to change, have huge advantage in this world. â⬠Not only is Friedmanââ¬â¢s statement applicable to a global economy, but is it also applicable to the global interaction of public relations practitioners. In addition, Jansoozi and Koper (2006:219-225) states that ââ¬Å"public relations communication techniques have been forced to change as a result of globalization. The biggest challenge for public relations practitioners will be crossing language and cultural barriers. Often the subtleties of cultural difference are overlooked in the multinationalââ¬â¢s own home country. Business organizations are realizing the importance of intercultural communication, even within the same national boundaries. Immigration and guest workers have altered the homogeneity of many countries and cultures. â⬠It is within this framework (and with the support of quotations from authoritive source quoted in this assignment) that the student concludes: a purely western form of public relations practices no longer exists. As a result of globalization and the multi-national exposure that accompanies globalization, the public relations practitioner has inevitably become, amongst other, a cultural intermediary. The contemporary public relations practitionerââ¬â¢s communication is no longer restrained to the geographical, economic and cultural boundaries of his or her own country. Not only is the public relations practitioner able to communicate instantaneously on a global magnitude, but it is required of the practitioner to understand and interpret the culture of the publics which he or she communicates with. Global interaction demands that the public relations practitioner be aware of and implement trans-national customs and practices in the communication process. 6. Recommendation Exploring a topic such as culture and the effects it has on the process of communication globally, opens to a vast field of research. There are several factors that need to be explored in such a research project. For instance, the dynamics of a post-modern society, a globalized economic structure and the multi-cultural identities that accompanies such an economic structure, which all cannot possibly come to its fulfilment in a ten-page assignment. As Ihator (2000:44) clearly states: ââ¬Å"The recognition of the cultural patterns of the world may be one positive stem in the understanding of the global publics. It behooves, therefore, international PR practitioners and researchers to use knowledge gained from various academic disciplines to adequately and effectively communicate with global constituenciesâ⬠. Bibliography (Author unknown). S. a. Dictionary results ââ¬â Hermeneutics [Online]. Available from: http://encarta. msn. com/encnet/features/dictionary/DictionaryResults. [Accessed: 05/04/2007]. (Author unknown). S. a. Edward T. Hall ââ¬â The silent language [Online]. Available from: onepine. info/mcult2. htm. [Accessed: 10/04/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. Globalization issues [Online]. Available from: sociology. emory. edu/globalization/issues01. html. [Accessed: 10/04/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. Globalization theories [Online]. Available from: sociology. emory. edu/globalization/theories01. html. [Accessed: 10/04/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. Three Major Perspectives in Sociology [Online]. Available from: cliffsnotes. com/WileyCDA/CliffsReviewTopic/Three-Major-Perspectives-in-Sociology. topicArticleId-26957,articleId-26837. html. [Accessed: 05/06/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. Science Quotes [Online]. Available from: quotelady. com/subjects/science. html. [Accessed: 05/06/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. Sir William Lawrence Bragg [Online]. Available from: britannica. com. [Accessed: 26/04/2008]. (Author unknown). S. a. The Importance of the Four Models of Public Relations [Online]. Available from: http://iml. jou. ufl. edu/projects/Fall99/Westbrook/models. htm. [Accessed: 07/03/2008]. BABBIE, E. MOUTON, J. 2001. The practice of social research. South African ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press. DE VOS, A. S. , SCHULZE, S. PATEL, L. 2005. The sciences and the professions. In: De Vos, A. S. (ed. ) Research at grass roots: for the social sciences and human service professions. 3rd ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik:3-26. FRIEDMAN, T. L. 2005. The world is flat a brief history of the twenty-first century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. GEORGE, A. M. 2003. Teaching culture: The challenges and opportunities of international public relations. Business communication quarterly, 66[Online]. Available from: www. questia. com. [Accessed: 01/06/08]. GUDYKUNST, W. B. 1993. Toward a theory of effective interpersonal and intergroup communication. International and intercultural communication annual, 17:33-71. HANNERZ, U. 2001. Thinking about culture in a global ecumene. In: LULL, J. (ed. ) Culture in the communication age. London: Routledge:54-71. IHATOR, A. 2000. Understanding the cultural patterns of the world ââ¬â an imperative in implementing strategic international PR programs. Public Relations Quaterly, Winter:38-44. (Class handout: Public Relations Management IV, 24/05/2008). JANOOZI, J. KOPER, E. 2006. Implications of globalization for the public relations practice. Comunicacao e Sociedade, 8, 2005:219-225 [Online]. Available from: revcom2. portcom. intercom. org. br/index. php/cs_um/ article/ viewFile/4734/4448. [Accessed: 05/06/2008]. KAPPELMAN, T. 2001. Marshall McLuhan: ââ¬Å"The Medium is the Message [Online]. Available from: leaderu. com/orgs/probe/docs/mcluhan. html#text2. [Accessed: 06/08/2007]. LEARY, M. R. MILLER, R. S. 2000. Self-presentational perspectives on personal relationships. In: Ickes, W. Duck, W. (eds. ) The social psychology of personal relationships. New York: Wiley:129-155. LULL, J. 2001. Superculture for the communication age. In: Lull, J. (ed. ) Culture in the communication age. London: Routledge: 132-163. McCLELLAND, K. 2000. Introduction to theories [Online]. Available from: http://web. grinnell. edu/courses/soc/s00/soc111-01/IntroTheories. html. [Accessed: 01/06/2008]. NOLAN, R. W. 1999. Communicating and Adapting across Cultures: Living and Working in the Global Village [Online]. Available from: www. questia. com. Accessed: 20/06/2008. PAPASTEFANOU, N. 2008. Assignment 2: the public relations practitioner as cultural intermediary. Tshwane University of Technology: Pretoria. PAPASTEFANOU, N. 2007. Module 1: communication research and theory (CSC400T). Pretoria: Tshwane University of Technology. PAPASTEFANOU, N. 2008. Module 2: culture and related issues. Tshwane Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-21085711011947966612020-03-04T01:15:00.001-08:002020-03-04T01:15:03.031-08:00A Delocalized Electron Defined in ChemistryA Delocalized Electron Defined in Chemistry A delocalized electron is an electron in anà atom, ion or molecule not associated with any single atom or a single covalent bond. In a ring structure, delocalized electrons are indicated by drawing a circle rather than single and double bonds. This means the electrons are equally likely to be anywhere along the chemical bond.Delocalized electrons contribute to the conductivity of the atom, ion, or molecule. Materials with many delocalized electrons tend to be highly conductive. Delocalized Electron Examples In a benzene molecule, for example, the electrical forces on the electrons are uniform across the molecule. The delocalization produces what is called a resonance structure. Delocalized electrons are also commonly seen in solid metals, where they form a sea of electrons that are free to move throughout the material. This is why metals are typically excellent electrical conductors. In the crystal structure of a diamond, the four outer electrons of each carbon atom participate in covalent bonding (are localized). Contrast this with bonding in graphite, another form of pure carbon. In graphite, only three of the four outer electrons are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms. Each carbon atom has a delocalized electron that participates in chemical bondingà but is free to move throughout the plane of the molecule. While the electrons are delocalized, graphite is a planar shape, so the molecule conducts electricity along the plane, but not perpendicular to it. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-85648540133157490852020-02-16T16:39:00.001-08:002020-02-16T16:39:03.318-08:00Mockery in Order Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsMockery in Order - Essay Example Therefore, the development of control structures is useful in maintaining order as well as enforcing discouraging protocols. The establishment of order has its own draw backs which are useful in the creation of controls that are useful in the maintenance of orderliness in the society. The reduction of freedom of choice to a restricted module or activity is the principal drawback of order creation. In a bid to create uniformity and orderliness in society, there is the creation of laws, rules, and regulations which are useful for the development of the systematic way. Military personnel are easily identified because of the set of the uniform they wear; the same applies to police service and school going children. Some of the personnel may view the uniform as an infringement on rights to dress as they wish which is the paradox of order. According to Barthes, the infringement of one's rights in the army through uniforms and the set of rules is a mockery to order (Barthes 40). He refers to submission in the army as fanatic and a blind act (Barthes 40). Think of students in uniform! Uniform gives an impression of equity and order in school, but does it mean that they love wearing it? A clear no. Some of the students will always abuse the uniform. As a result, dressing chords are implemented to enforce order of which later results to strikes and the so called ââ¬Å"cases of indisciplineâ⬠. What a mockery of order! The students feel that the order created infringes their rights and forces them to adopt what they cannot live to. In a football match, the separation of the two groups of fans and supporters help in the creation of order. Imagine, that there was no separation between the groups. What could be the consequence of such an action? There would be strife and fighting within the group leading to disharmony and strife. The separation of the groups leads to the creation of order in the match. The separation is a creation of that reduces or limits freedom of movement between the two groups. In the real sense, human beings need to interact with each other, to enjoy freedom of movement. This privilege is lost in order for the order to exist in the match. The existence of a physical barrier separating the two groups is obviously an infringement on the right for movement and association that is accorded to all human beings. Despite the success of the physical barrier, there are still problems facing maintenance of order in situations such as play interruption as a result of pitch invasion by supporters as wi tnessed in matches in Italian and Russian football leagues. Additionally fans may clash in the street with some fans obtaining injures or even death in the street confrontation. The solution to the problem has always been the designation of routes to reduce meeting of the two supporter groups. The route designation minimizes freedom and association movements. The restriction of movement and association is the price of order creation; thus, it creates a scenario in order to gain publicity, and show a need for order creation. According to the chaos theory, in order for the order to be created disorder must first exist and vice versa. The creation of order, is based on, the drive to make an organised structure from, a disorganised state. The creation and innovation experienced in the world is as a result of need for order in all spheres of life. It is vital to state that the need for order Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-64803695605806114122020-02-02T22:39:00.001-08:002020-02-02T22:39:03.301-08:00Coca Cola Company and its Product Modifying Method EssayCoca Cola Company and its Product Modifying Method - Essay Example Currently, Coca Cola is undergoing a series of transformations specifically in the production of its products with the aim of ensuring it meets the set standards provided by the FDA. The company is now looking into the details of most of its recipes in order to ensure that it produces beverages that are in line with the recommendations and regulations of FDA. Given that research findings opine caffeine as well as tannin mixtures with cancer related causes, people are taking a step forward towards doing away with products said to have such ingredients in their contents (59). Change of such consumer market has seen most companies head towards the verge of losing a large market base. However, in order to ensure continued profitability, Coca Cola which happens to be one of the worldââ¬â¢s largest producer and distributor of beverage products resolve to come into terms with the FDA standards which require companies to observe health regulations and recommendations.On March 7, 2012, Coc a Cola Company asserted that its use of caramel coloring in preparing its drinks has always resolved to put into consideration the necessary requirements and thus is safe. Douglas Karas, FDA spokesperson stated that FDA is working round the clock and ensuring that companies like Coca Cola and Pepsi provide their consumers with quality beverages that pose no challenge to the users. According to Beverage Digest, one of the most active industry trackers, PepsiCo and Coca Cola hold the largest percentage. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-20997890807972793732020-01-25T19:03:00.001-08:002020-01-25T19:03:03.513-08:00Unfair Dismissal LegislationUnfair Dismissal Legislation In this paper we will examine the tension between unfair (employee) dismissal legislation and the autonomy of managers to run their departments as they see fit. Interestingly, the question refers to managers right to manage their employees: It should be stated at the outset, unlike the rights afforded to employees by legislation and the common law, which are enforceable rights per se; there is no such right enshrined in the law to protect the autonomy of managers. It is also interesting to note that the question does not ask us to d iscuss the degree to which unfair dismissal legislation takes away managers right to manage their employees effectively or well, or ask us to comment upon whether or not the suppression of managers autonomy is a good or a bad thing for the development of a healthy and effective commercial workplace. We will argue in this essay that such an assessment is central to the question of this paper. After all, for example, the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, which seeks (inter alia) to regulate the conduct of Police Officers, might well be seen to take away rights of the police to arrest citizens, but only does so to protect the citizen from unconstitutional and unacceptable authoritarian practices. Likewise, in the case of unfair dismissal legislation, if the effect is to prevent poor management practice, then this cannot be seen as a negative thing. The worry is that such legislation will interfere with good management, by creating expectations in the minds of employees regarding the standard acceptable processes which govern their employment and as such, might prevent managers from taking the initiative to be creative and progressive in their management approach. The question therefore boils down to whether or not the current unfair dismissal legislation in the UK is sufficiently flexible to allow management creativity to blossom to the advantage of all stakeholders in the employee-management-employer relationship. Unfair dismissal of employees is governed by Part X of the Employment Rights Act 1996, as amended by Part 3 of the Employment Act 2002. The right to not be unfairly dismissed is defined is s94 of the 1996 Act, and s95 of the same act outlines the circumstances which are capable of giving rise to a breach of this employment right. Hepple and Morris (2002) p255 comment upon the amendments to the unfair dismissal legislation introduced by the Employment Act 2002: ââ¬Å"[T]he new statutory standard and modified disciplinary procedures, broad in conception but minimalist in their requirements, ââ¬Ëare so rudimentary in nature that they afford little protection to employees[and] ââ¬Ëfall significantly short of the requirements of the current ACAS Code and of the standards of reasonableness developed by tribunalsâ⬠. This would seem to suggest that this legislation has had little impact upon curtailing the right of managers to manage their employees, especially in light of the fact that there is no significant deterrent effect arising from the remedy contained in s34(6) of the 2002 Act, which only entitles an unfairly dismissed employee to four weeks pay compensation. It also seems apparent that s34(2) of the Employment Act 2002 has reversed the case law decision of Polkey v A. E. Dayton Services [1988] in which it was decided that employers (and, more importantly, their managers) should be reasonable in their choice and use of employee dismissal procedures. S34(2) of the Employment Act 2002 introduced s98A into the Employment Act 1996, subsection 2 of which states: ââ¬Å"[F]ailure by an employer to follow a procedure in relation to the dismissal of an employee shall not be regarded for the purposes of section 98(4)(a) as by itself making the employers action unreasonable if he shows that he would have decided to dismiss the employee if he had followed the procedure.â⬠Again, there is nothing in this section which would suggest that managers rights to employ their own styles of disciplinary procedure have been curtailed: As long as the procedures employed lead to a decision identical to that which would have been generated through adherence to the standard dismissal procedures contained in the UK Employment Acts. It might be argued that that this procedural latitude will not be enforced to its full extent, and therefore that employers and their managers cannot rely upon its provisions to escape liability for nonprocedural conforman ce, but, as Collins (2004) reports: ââ¬Å"The potential width of this exception should not be underestimatedâ⬠. In regards to this amendment and also to the introduction of the ACAS code under the Employment Act 2002, Smith and Morton (2006) write: ââ¬Å"In spite of government declarations, it is not clear how the ACAS Code and case law can impose a higher procedural standard than the statutory procedures in an unfair dismissal claim, although the test of a reasonable employer (whose action will fall within the range of reasonable responses) remains. Henceforth an employer defending a dismissal may argue that adherence to a procedure above the statutory minimum or the ACAS Code would not have led to a different outcome.â⬠It would therefore seem that, under the new unfair dismissal regime, employers have even more latitude to escape liability for unfair dismissal by procedural unfairness and therefore, even less reason to reign in their managers by insisting on extra training or standard management practices. It should also be noted that under the Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2001, the maximum award available to an employer from an employee who unsuccessfully brings a claim in the employment tribunal has been substantially increased as it now, by virtue of the Employment Tribunal Regulations 2004, can also include non-legal preparation costs. This must serve as a deterrent to employees from making frivolous and/or poorly constructed claims for unfair dismissal. Ans so, our analysis of the UK legislative framework on unfair dismissal all point to a conclusion that this regime does not have any significant effect upon the right of managers to manage their employees, so long as the procedures utilized are synonymous by result. However, there is often a big difference between the legal impact of legislation and its cultural effect. Let us now perform a literature review of several key sources in the field of employee management to see if the practical and real effect of the amended unfair dismissal legislation has been to curtail the creativity of managers or otherwise interfere with their right to manage their employees, effectively or otherwise. The first point which can be identified from the literature is that the legislation on unfair dismissal has had different effects on different sized of business. Whilst the research is relatively out of date, it seems clear that the small business sector has been the least affected by the formal dismissal regime. As Harrison et al (1998) write: ââ¬Å"The major studies (e.g. Dickens et al., 1985) are now dated and there have been few attempts to up-date earlier assessments of the impact of unfair dismissal legislation on small firms (e.g. Clifton and Tatton-Brown, 1979; Daniel and Stilgoe, 1978; Evans et al., 1985). This research and the periodic WIRS surveys (Millward et al., 1992) indicated that small businesses were less likely to have formal disciplinary procedures than larger businesses. This would suggest that small business managers autonomy to manage in their own way has not been significantly ââ¬Ëtaken away by the UKs unfair dismissal legislation and its enshrined standar d procedures. This is confirmed by the findings of a case study analysis by Harrison et al (1998) who found that: ââ¬Å"The presence of a formal written disciplinary procedure does not, of itself, ensure that it is applied/observed by all managers, nor that common disciplinary standards will be applied to all employees, or even to all employees in the same occupation, grade, etc. For example, two instances were found where the senior site manager in multi-site companies in the catering sector was not familiar with the requirements of their companies written procedures. Harrison et al (1998) also found, from their interviews, that managers in this sector took a flexible approach to disciplinary action. The problem with this is that the approach is likely to differ from manager to manager with the result that the only way companies can maintain consistency is not to change, remove or replace senior managers: ââ¬Å"[T]here was evidence from many of the interviews of a ââ¬Å"flexible approachâ⬠being taken to disciplinary actionThis ââ¬Å"flexibilityâ⬠plainly has its strengths, but it inevitably also raises issues of perceived consistency or inconsistency among employees of actions taken by different managers [I]ts potential effect on both employee morale and on potential unfair dismissal claims and outcomes, was a principal reason why many organizations have restricted the right to dismiss to senior managers.â⬠Interestingly however, the interviews conducted across multi-site organizations revealed that ââ¬Å"managers were able to draw on the wider resources of their organizations, including the advice and expertise of HR/personnel specialists. In some cases these specialists became involved in helping line managers to handle disciplinary cases, usually with the effect of avoiding major discrepancies.â⬠This would suggest that the UK unfair dismissal legislation has had a noticeable impact upon the rights of managers in larger organizations to manage their employees, the procedures clearly being taken seriously if outside help is being drafted in regularly. In pages 457-458, Harrison et al (1998) discuss the effect of unfair dismissal legislation on ââ¬Ëmanagement style. They confirm our earlier conclusion that Managers are still acting autonomously despite the unfair dismissal legislation: ââ¬Å"There are acknowledged difficulties in attempting to categorise management styles in organisations, not least because they may vary from one manager to another, and from one situation to another.â⬠McCabe and Rabil (2001) write convincingly on the rights of employees and the impact of these rights on employers and their managers. At page 34 they write: ââ¬Å"ââ¬Ë[T]he most critical right of employees is the right to due process (Velasquez, 1982, p. 327)[D]ue process involves a system of checks and balances, it increases the objectivity of decisionsââ¬Ëthe topic of due process in work organizations calls for much greater conceptual development, practical experimentation, and systematic research (Aram and Salipante, Jr., 1981, p. 198). Prima facie, these respective statements seem to conflict with one another: On the one hand, McCabe and Rabil talk of ââ¬Ëobjective decision making, and yet on the other, they talk of the need for ââ¬Ëpractical experimentation. However, I would argue that, rather than being mutually exclusive, these observations demonstrate the ability for fair management autonomy to co-exist with principles of due process, if not necessarily consisten cy. Managers can implement their own style of disciplinary procedures into a workplace as long as these implementations are perceived as subscribing to the princinple of due process and the end effects of these implementations are consistent with the outcomes which would have been reached under the statutory procedures. This confirms what we postulated earlier in this essay; namely, that the unfair dismissal legislation does not significantly impede effective and fair management autonomy, but simply prevents managers from managing their employees in ways which are inappropriate or do not follow the principle of ââ¬Ëdue process. As McCabe and Rabil (2001) write: ââ¬Å"Not all managers know how to manage their work force effectively, nor do they all treat their employees fairly. A good due process system cannot make managers manage more fairly. It may provide a strong incentive for them to do that, but if they don t know how, the process itself will not teach them. In conclusion, I would argue that since the inception of the Employment Act 2002, which amended the unfair dismissal legislation contained in the Employment Rights Act 1996, the UKs legislation on the unfair dismissal of employees is sufficiently flexible to allow employers and their managers the autonomy to create and implement their own employee management procedures, so long as these procedures are capable of yielding fair and equitable decisions. Thus, in response to the specific question, to what degree has the unfair dismissal legislation taken away managers right to manage their employees? I would argue that it has significantly taken away this ââ¬Ëright. However, in relation to the more important question, to what degree has the unfair dismissal legislation taken away managers right to manage their employees fairly and effectively? I would argue that it has not taken away this right significantly. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-5444187132475537132020-01-17T15:26:00.001-08:002020-01-17T15:26:05.391-08:00Non Conventional energy resources in India EssayNon-Conventional Energy Resources in India Contents 1. Introductionâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦ 02 2. Wind Energyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 03 3. Biomass Energyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦.. 05 4. Solar Energyâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 06 5. Referencesâ⬠¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦Ã¢â¬ ¦. 11 Page | 1 Introduction Major of Indiaââ¬â¢s energy needs are met out by thermal and other conventional forms. But these are non-renewable in nature. What will happen after say 50 years when the coal gets exhausted? So we need to find an alternative way of extracting energy. In India around 80% of the electricity is got from steam turbines run by coal. With serious concern globally and in India on the use of fossil fuels, it is important for India to start using renewable energy sources. India is the 7th largest country in the world spanning 328 million hectares and amply bestowed with renewable sources of energy. In this paper let us see ï⠷ The various kinds of renewable energy methods present in India. ï⠷ Limitations with the current system. ï⠷ Possible expansion. Our main focus in this paper will be solar energy. We would also see other major players in this field, but we will see the detailed analysis of solar energy extraction and expansion. Page | 2 Wind Energy The development of wind power in India began in the 1990s, and has significantly increased in the last few years. Wind power can be utilized for drawing water, which is an essential requirement in watering agricultural lands in the rural areas. In addition, it can be utilized for electricity generation. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010 the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across: 1. Tamil Nadu (4132.72 MW) 2. Maharashtra (1837.85 MW) 3. Karnataka (1184.45 MW) 4. Rajasthan (670.97 MW) 5. Gujarat (1432.71 MW) 6. Andhra Pradesh (122.45 MW) 7. Madhya Pradesh (187.69 MW) 8. Kerala (23.00 MW) 9. West Bengal (1.10 MW) 10. Other states (3.20 MW) It is estimated that 6,000 MW of additional wind power capacity will be installed in India by 2012. Wind power accounts for 6% of Indiaââ¬â¢s total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the countryââ¬â¢s power. Page | 3 The major drawbacks of this power system are as follows: ï⠷ Electricity production depends on- wind speed, location, season and air temperature. Hence various monitoring systems are needed and may cost expensive. ï⠷ High percentage of the hardware cost (for large WT) is mostly spent on the tower designed to support the turbine ï⠷ The total cost can be cheaper than solar system but more expensive than hydro. The state and central governments are providing various subsidies and have come up with new policies to enhance the wind power generation in India. Wind turbines are becoming larger, efficiencies and availabilities are improving and wind farm concept is becoming popular. It could be combined with solar, especially for a total self-sustainability project. The economics of wind energy is already strong, despite the relative immaturity of the industry. The downward trend in wind energy costs is predicted to continue. As the world market in wind turbines continues to boom, wind turbine prices will continue to fall. Page | 4 Biomass Energy Among the renewable energy sources, biomass plays a vital role especially in rural areas, as it constitutes the major energy source to majority of households in India. Biomass energy is the utilization of organic matter present and can be utilized for various applications. ï⠷ Biomass can be used to produce heat and electricity, or used in combined heat and power (CHP) plants. ï⠷ Biomass can also be used in combination with fossil fuels (co-firing) to improve efficiency and reduce the buildup of combustion residues. ï⠷ Biomass can also replace petroleum as a source for transportation fuels. Recent developments in India: ï⠷ India produces about 450-500 million tons of biomass per year, which is 32% of all the primary energy use in the country at present. ï⠷ The current share of biofuels in total fuel consumption is extremely low and is confined mainly to 5% blending of ethanol in gasoline, which the government has made mandatory in 10 states. Biomass energy can play a major role in reducing Indiaââ¬â¢s reliance on fossilà fuels by making use of thermo-chemical conversion technologies. In addition, the increased utilization of biomass-based fuels will be instrumental in safeguarding the environment, creating new job opportunities, sustainable development and health improvements in rural areas. The integration of biomass-fuelled gasifies and coal-fired energy generation would be advantageous in terms of improved flexibility in response to fluctuations in biomass availability with lower investment costs. Page | 5 Solar Energy Solar energy is genesis for all forms of energy. This energy can be made use of in two ways the Thermal route i.e. using heat for drying, heating, cooking or generation of electricity or through the Photovoltaic route which converts solar energy in to electricity that can be used for a myriad purposes such as lighting, pumping and generation of electricity. With its pollution free nature, virtually inexhaustible supply and global distribution- solar energy is very attractive energy resource. There are two different perspectives in utilizing solar energy: 1. Solar for grid connected electricity: Grid interactive solar energy is derived from solar photovoltaic cells and CSP Plants on a large scale. The grid connection is chosen due to following reasons: ï⠷ Solar Energy is available throughout the day which is the peak load demand time ï⠷ Solar energy conversion equipment have longer life and need lesser maintenance and hence provide higher energy infrastructure security ï⠷ Low running costs & grid tie-up capital returns (Net Metering) ï⠷ Unlike conventional thermal power generation from coal, they do not cause pollution and generate clean power. ï⠷ Abundance of free solar energy throughout all parts of world (although gradually decreasing from equatorial, tropical, sub-tropical and polar regions). Can be utilized almost everywhere. 2. Solar for off-grid solutions: While, the areas with easier grid access are utilizing grid connectivity, the places where utility power is scant or too expensive to bring, have no choice but to opt for Page | 6 their own generation. They generate power from a diverse range of small local generators using both fossil fuels (diesel, gas) and locally available renewable energy technologies (solar PV, wind, small hydro, biomass, etc.) with or without its own storage (batteries). This is known as off-grid electricity. Remote power systems are installed for the following reasons: ï⠷ Desire to use renewable ââ¬â environmentally safe, pollution free. ï⠷ Combining various generating options available- hybrid power generation. ï⠷ Desire for independence from the unreliable, fault prone and interrupted grid connection. ï⠷ Available storage and back-up options. ï⠷ No overhead wires- no transmission loss. ï⠷ Varied applications and products: Lighting, Communication Systems, Cooking, Heating, Pumping, Small scale industry utilization etc. The technologies present in harvesting solar power are: 1. Solar photovoltaic: Solar photovoltaic (SPV) cells convert solar radiationà (sunlight) into electricity. A solar cell is a semi-conducting device made of silicon and/or other materials, which, when exposed to sunlight, generates electricity. Solar cells are connected in series and parallel combinations to form modules that provide the required power. These are the different solar cells used: ï⠷ Crystalline Silicon solar cells (C-Si): Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline. ï⠷ Thin-film solar cells: Amorphous Silicon Solar cells (A-Si), CIGS, CdTe. PV modules are manufactured by assembling the solar cells after stringing, tabbing and providing other interconnections. Page | 7 2. Solar thermal: Solar Thermal Power systems, also known as Concentrating Solar Power systems, use concentrated solar radiation as a high temperature energy source to produce electricity using thermal route. High temperature solar energy collectors are basically of three types: ï⠷ Parabolic trough system: at the receiver can reach 400à ° C and produce steam for generating electricity. ï⠷ Power tower system: The reflected rays of the sun are always aimed at the receiver, where temperatures well above 1000à ° C can be reached. ï⠷ Parabolic dish systems: Parabolic dish systems can reach 1000à ° C at the receiver, and achieve the highest efficiencies for converting solar energy to electricity. This is the next big leap in the energy sector, but this too has its own limitations such as: ï⠷ Initial cost involved in setting up the plant is high. Also a huge amount of space is required. ï⠷ Proper sunlight is required for these systems to work effectively and efficiently. ï⠷ On a cloudy day or during nights and rainfall, this system fails to produce power, thus requiring a backup power plan, so this cannot be completely relied upon. ï⠷ Many solar grids are setup in desert areas where no grids are present, making it costly to transmit. ï⠷ Maintenance cost is quite high and a specialized technician is required for it. Page | 8 There may be some difficulties and limitations in this field, many of which can be rectified by proper government involvement during large scale implementations. India needs a brisk involvement in this field considering the facts that: ï⠷ We get plenty of sunlight due to its proximity to the equator and we receive an annual average of 4-7KWh per day for every square meter, meaning we receive a lot more sunlight than what we can use in a year, making it an abundant source of power. ï⠷ We are a poor source for conventional fuel sources. We are dependent on the Gulf countries for its oil supplies. With the oil prices skyrocketing and the reluctance of the Indian government to hike the prices of LPG and kerosene, Indian oil companies are suffering major losses. Even electricà supply in the country is unable to meet the burgeoning demands of the growing population and businesses. ï⠷ India does not have resources to pay the huge bills of the oil producers. Now there are many researches going on in this field to increase the output as well as store the produced energy in SPV cells. Also many conventional coal thermal power plants are looking forward to installing the solar thermal plant to pre heat the water to reduce the use of coal, which is an effective way to cut down the use of coal. New grids and easier and cheaper ways of power transmission are being considered owing to the fact that a huge loss in power as well as money is involved in long range transmission of this produced power. The state governments are coming up with new policies to increase their capacity and mend out their acute power crisis. For e.g., the Government of Tamil Nadu has recently unveiled its new Solar Energy Policy which aims at increasing the installed solar capacity from the current approximate of 20 MW to over 3000 MW Page | 9 by 2015. The policy aims at fixing a 6% solar energy requirement on industries and residential buildings for which incentives in the form of tax rebates and current tariff rebates of up to Rs.1 / unit will be applicable to those who comply with the Solar Energy Policy. The policy also gives an option to those industries/buildings who do not want to install rooftop solar photo-voltaic systems to invest in the governmentââ¬â¢s policy and be given the same incentives as explained above. Even many private players are slowly but steadily coming up in this sector, knowing its future value. Government is providing subsidies and aid to these private companies to increase their involvement in this sector. Solar Power India, Tata and Reliance Industries are some of the big money players who have major plans for this industry. This will give a big boost to this field as these companies can invest a lot of money in research to make the technology cheaper. This, in turn, will make solar energy accessible to the common man. As more and more people take to solar power, the costs are expected to reduce. Page | 10 References 1. ââ¬Å"Future Perspectives for Renewable Energy in Indiaâ⬠, November 21st 2008, Ravi Soparkar, 2. India Wind Energy, (EAI), < http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/win/win.html> 3. India Biomass Energy, (EAI),< http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/bio/bio.html> 4. India Solar energy, (EAI),< http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/sol/sol.html> 5. ââ¬Å"Solar energy: Watts Upâ⬠, January 06th 2013, K.R.Balasubramanyam, < http://businesstoday.intoday.in/story/the-future-of-solar-power-inindia/1/190741.html> Page | 11 Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-83945385896616118012020-01-09T11:49:00.001-08:002020-01-09T11:49:03.529-08:00Athenian Democracy Essay examples - 1278 Words Today, much of the worldââ¬â¢s governments have converted to democracies. In the Ancient World, there was only one truly notable example of a democratic society: The City-State of Athens. This is actually the birthplace of democracy, where instead of the rich or powerful ruling, it was the citizens of the city-state that held the power. This advanced way of government was so effective and well structured, it even laid the foundations for the development of our own democracy, right here in the United States, over 2,000 years in the future. Prior to Athensââ¬â¢s collapse during the Peloponnesian War, it truly had an efficient and very organized system of government. Democracy in Athens can be traced back to 594 B.C.E, when Solon was given theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Cleisthenes then introduced his own reforms for Athens. He gave more power to the Assembly of Athens and less power to the aristocrats. He then divided all of Attica into ten tribes, which were called phylai. Ea ch tribe in turn was given three pieces of land, which each contained many little villages called demes. The demes all together would then participate in the government by voting for people to make up the Council. The chain of command for the government of Athens was pretty straightforward. At the very top was the strategoi, the military commanders. There were ten of these, one strategos voted for each tribe. They each served for one year, however unlike the other officials, the strategoi could be reelected to their positions an unlimited number of times. ââ¬Å"This is based on the wisdom that frequently overhauling military leadership during a war or other national emergency can prove dangerous or even disastrousâ⬠(Nardo 46). One prominent example of this was Pericles, who was extremely popular and was reelected over twenty times before his death. The duty of the strategoi was to carry out orders given by the Council and Assembly. They also regularly carried out foreign poli cy initiatives. Next was the ruling group, also known as the prytany. The prytany provided individuals who were available at all times in case a crisis broke out and needed attention (Ancient Civilizations 26). After them was theShow MoreRelatedDemocracy And Athenian Democracy972 Words à |à 4 Pages ââ¬Å"Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people.â⬠(Dale. Civilizations in History. Alternative Two. Pg. 92) This quotation perfectly summarizes Athenian democracy, a system in which all citizens had a say in affecting their daily lives. This is a contrast to Spartan oligarchy, which limited power to a small group of men. Athenian democracy encouraged citizens to use their voice and consequently make an impact on their society. The governmentRead MoreThe Use of Rhetoric In Athenian Democracy Essay1814 Words à |à 8 PagesRhetoric was a major factor in the development and maintenance of the Athenian government and was used by many in order to gain power and ascend in politics. The ascendance of the great demagogues in Athens during the time of the Peloponnesian war was heavily influenced by their rhetoric and ability to effectively guide the Athenian democracy. The democratic government was composed of two gr oups: ââ¬Å"public speakers [â⬠¦], those who made proposals and publicly argued for or against political projectsRead MoreEvolution of Democracy and the Athenian Constitution Essay4268 Words à |à 18 PagesEvolution of Democracy and the Athenian Constitution Democracy is defined in modern times as government by the people. To put that in perspective and better understand all that democracy entails we must consider its origins. 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AlthoughRead MoreThe Athenian Democracy Compared to Todays Democracy1904 Words à |à 8 Pages The term democracy comes from the Greek language and means rule by the people.(Democracy Building 2012) The democracy in Athens represents the events leading up to modern day democracies. Like our modern democracy, the Athenian democracy was created as a reaction to a concentration and abuse of power by the rulers. Philosophers defined the essential elements of democracy as a separation of powers, basic civil rights, human rights, religious liberty and separation of church and state. TheRead MoreEssay on Athenian definition of democracy1213 Words à |à 5 Pages Discuss the Athenian definition of democracy. Is the city s tate the only kind of state in which true democracy can exist? What happens to democracy when it is applied to a society with a large dispersed population? What are other examples of democratic societies besides Athens? 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Although it was called a democratic system, only male citizens had the opportunity to participate. In this essay, I will discuss how the Athenian democratic system was developed, why, and the efforts of the Greek thinkers in developing the Athenian democracy. Additionally, we will have the chance to examine if it was truly democratic. The Athenian democracyRead MoreWhat are the Unique Traits of Athenian Democracy? Essay918 Words à |à 4 Pages 29 September 2013 What are the Unique Traits of Athenian Democracy? There are several traits that make Athenian democracy unique not only in the ancient world but also in the modern world as well. For the first time in recorded history, citizens had a say in what laws were to govern them . Democracy was an unknown and alien concept in the ancient world, and Athenians knew that their political process was different in and they were intensely proud of it. ââ¬Å"Our form of government does not enterRead MoreComparing US Democratic Republic, Roman Republic, and Athenian Democracy Governments647 Words à |à 3 Pages In the past, different civilizations have been ruled by different forms of government. The U.S. Democratic Republic, the Roman Republic, and the Athenian Democracy have similar and different functions of how they run their government. In the U.S. Democratic Republic, it has all three branches of government which are the legislature, executive, and the judicial branch. Their legislative branch has a Senate of 100 members and theyre elected by the people for a six-year-term. The Senates make laws Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-87432783736200943512020-01-01T08:15:00.001-08:002020-01-01T08:15:04.445-08:00Short Story Perpetual Yesterday - 1544 Words ââ¬Å"Perpetual Yesterdayâ⬠His name was Thien, but simply pronounced as tin, like the metal. It was an odd name, but I didnââ¬â¢t think too much of it at the time. We sat across from each other at the daycare center waiting for a large woman in a grey blazer to escort us into the room. I remembered we bonded talking about how our parents always seemed busy and never wanted to play with us. Yet seemingly, the little availability on our parentsââ¬â¢ parts did bear some fruit: It allowed Thien and me to find each other and to share future adventures. I strolled around the room, observing the colorful paintings and glancing at the cheesy Thanksgiving cards that the other children made. I was breathing through my nose until it was running so much that I had to open my mouth. Five feet from where Mrs. Campbell stood, I sneezed to release all the tension in my throat. ââ¬Å"Donââ¬â¢t let me startle you,â⬠Mrs. Campbell said. Of course, I thought I was the only one in the lobby besides Thien. I was startled. ââ¬Å"Mrs. Campbell,â⬠I said, glancing at her name tag. ââ¬Å"Bruce, why donââ¬â¢t you have a seat with Thien.â⬠I shot her a sharp glimpse, but reluctantly obeyed her wishes. I wish now that I had known this was weird. I had never told her my name. I guess thinking back at it now; Thien must have introduced me to Mrs. Campbell before I had even met her. Mrs. Campbell gestured us to follow her, so Thien and I trailed her a little further into a vast room inundated with colors and toys. I was in heaven, fitting theShow MoreRelated Mary Wollstoncrafts, The Vindication of the Rights of Women1166 Words à |à 5 PagesWomen, is an incredibly insightful look into the life of women in the early portion of this century. It is a philosophical examination of the condition of women, in relationship to some very basic rights, and is also a very enlightening look at how short a distance we really have come, as a society, in relationship to our perceptions of women. Wollstoncraft presents herself as an incredibly enlightened individual who looks at her gender as a subject which should be seen as reasonable creatures, ratherRead MoreIn a Grove4387 Words à |à 18 PagesIn a Grove Akutagawa, RyÃ
«nosuke (Translator: Takashi Kojima) Published: 1922 Categorie(s): Fiction, Mystery Detective, Psychological, Short Stories Source: http://www.scribd.com/doc/3682435/In-a-Grove-byRyunosuke-Akutagawa 1 About Akutagawa: 芥å · é ¾ ä ¹â¹Ã¤ »â¹Ã¯ ¼Ëã âã ã Ÿã Å'ãâ ãâŠãââ¦Ã£ â 㠮ã â¢Ã£ âã⬠1892Ã¥ ¹ ´3æÅ"Ë1æâ" ¥ - 1927Ã¥ ¹ ´7æÅ"Ë24 æâ" ¥Ã¯ ¼â°Ã£ ¯Ã£â¬ æâ" ¥Ã¦Å" ¬Ã£ ®Ã¥ ° ?Ã¥ ® ¶Ã£â¬âÃ¥ ·Ã£ ¯Ã¦ ¾âæ ±Å¸Ã¥ âä ¸ »Ã¤ º ºÃ£â¬ ä ¿ ³Ã¥ ·Ã£ ¯Ã¦Ëâé ¬ ¼Ã£ââç⠨ã âã Ÿãâ¬â ã 㠮ä ½Å" Ã¥â 㠮å ¤Å¡Ã£ 㠯çŸ ç · ¨Ã£ §Ã£â¬ ãâ¬Å'èŠâ¹Ã§ ² ¥Ã£â¬ ãâ¬Å'èâ" ªÃ£ ®Ã¤ ¸ ã⬠ãâ¬Å'Ã¥Å" °Ã§ â?ã⬠ãâ¬Å'?è »Å ã⬠㠪㠩ã⬠ãâ¬Å½Ã¤ »Å æËâ çⰠ©Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã©âºâ ã⬠ãâ¬Å½Ã¥ ®â¡Ã¦ ² »Ã¦â¹ ¾Ã© ºÃ§â° ©Ã¨ ªÅ¾Ã£â¬ 㠪㠩㠮å ¤Ã¥â¦ ¸Ã£ â¹Ã£ââ°Ã© ¡Å'æ ãââ㠨㠣ã Ÿãââ㠮ã Å'Ã¥ ¤Å¡Ã£ âãâ¬â ãâ¬Å'èÅ"ËèâºâºÃ£ ®Ã§ ³ ¸Ã£â¬ ãâ¬Å'æ Å"Ã¥ Ã¦Ë ¥Ã£â¬ 㠪ã ©Ã£â¬ ç « ¥Ã¨ © ±Ã£ââæ⺠¸Ã£ âã Ÿãâ¬â 1927Ã¥ ¹ ´7æÅ"Ë24æâ" ¥Ã¦Å" ªÃ¦ËŽã⬠å ⹠ä º ºÃ£ «Ã£ â㠦ã Ÿé ºÃ¦âº ¸Ã£ «Ã£â¬Å'å⠯㠼ãââãââãâŠã â"ã Ÿä ¸ Ã¥ ®â°Ã£â¬ 㠨㠮ç â ç⠱ãââæ ®â¹Ã£ â"ã⬠æÅ" æ ¯âè⡠ªÃ¦ ® ºÃ£â¬â 35?㠨ã âã â Ã¥ ¹ ´?㠧ã â㠣ã Ÿãâ¬âÃ¥ ¾Å'㠫ã⬠芥å · 㠮æ ¥ ç ¸ ¾Ã£ââè ¨ËÃ¥ ¿ µÃ£ â"㠦è Šæ ± Read MoreA Beast, No More : Curing Doubt2549 Words à |à 11 PagesAs the play progresses, Hamlet undergoes a period of contemplation during which he ponders his existence to successfully resolve his discomforting doubt of the world around him. After Hamlet first meets the company of touring actors who perform a short skit at his request, he compares himself, ââ¬Å"A dull and muddy-mettled rascal, peak / Like John-a-dreams, unpregnant of my causeâ⬠(2.2.594-595), to one of the fervent actors playing out the drama of his life. While the actor successfully takes actionRead MoreThe Perfect Cup Of Steaming Java3000 Words à |à 12 Pagesin making it happenââ¬ânot merely in predicting it. The most important thing that I ve wondered about Ray Bradbury is how he does it? He has written books, stories, poems, manuscripts, and screenplays. He has his own TV show. Everything he writes is on an old electric typewriter. All his ideas seem new and fresh to me. Each page of his stories is unexpected and full of wisdom. He compares himself to a pomegranate. He says that he is so full of ideas that he is just bursting and that the ideas spillRead MoreThe Meaning of the Days of Creation in Genesis One Essay3489 Words à |à 14 Pagesof the Days of Creation in Genesis One A matter that weighs heavily between the science world and the biblical world is the meaning of the ?days? of creation in Genesis 1. Are God?s creative days to be taken as long periods of time, eons, or short periods of time, i.e. 24 hours? We will examine the biblical evidence for possibly applying a long-term definition to the word, ?day? in English, yom in Hebrew, and see that in the Bible; it is all a matter of timing. Remember the article by Pinnock;Read MoreSenior Project Paper: Music Therapy used on Alzheimers Patients2826 Words à |à 12 Pageswhat they have been through can be fixed. I love music, but I wanted to take a different perspective to it by focusing on music therapy for my senior project. If one were to search for music therapy on Google there is not a lack of information, stories of transformations line the web. People have always been curious about music, something so simple but so life-changing. Millions of studies have been conducted throughout the years, to research why music works and who it works on. I will be usingRead More Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot as an Existentialist Play4416 Words à |à 18 Pagesgreat deadener, suggesting that habit is like an analgesic - numbing the individual. The play is mostly ritual, with Estargon and Vladimir filling the emptiness and silence. Itll pass the time,, (p.12), explains Vladimir, offering to tell the story of the Crucifixion. Passing the time is their mutual obsession, as exhibited after the first departure of Pozzo and Lucky: Vladimir: That passed the time. Estragon: It would have passed in any case. Vladimir: Yes, but not so rapidly.Read MoreHonorable Style in Dishonorable Times: American Gangsters of the 1920s and 1930s6221 Words à |à 25 Pagesallegedly created poverty, marital distress, and negligence, would cleanse society (Mordden 141). [...] the birth of the radio and the movies as well as the development of flight induced excitement and fostered a vision of a society engaged in perpetual technological advancement (Mordden 47). [...] Horatio Alger, Jr. and his late nineteenth-century books- portraits of men who, born underprivileged, rose to wealth and success through hard work, honesty, self-confidence, commitment, and a bit of luckRead MoreEssay on Analysis of George Orwells 19844218 Words à |à 17 Pagesand nuclear war, the world has been divided among three practically identical totalitarian nation-states. The novel takes place in London, which has become a part of Oceania, the nation state comprising the Americas and western Europe. A state of perpetual war and p overty is the rule in Oceania. However, this is merely a backdrop, far from the most terrifying aspect of life in 1984. Oceania is governed by a totalitarian bureaucracy, personified in the image of Big Brother, the all-knowing/ all-seeingRead MoreThe Lovely Bones Study Guide3680 Words à |à 15 Pagesdescent who had given Susie her first kiss a few days before her death. She arrives in heaven to at first find it boring and taking the form of a high school with orange and turquoise blocks that she never got to go to, saying life here is a perpetual yesterday. She and a fellow teen girl, Holly, are finally approached by a friendly older woman named Franny, who, after giving the two girls some lime Kool-Aid, describes herself as their intake counselor. She explains that anything they desire can be Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-18011694013236317282019-12-24T04:01:00.001-08:002019-12-24T04:01:02.641-08:00HIV/AIDS acquisition is at an all-time high in todayââ¬â¢s... HIV/AIDS acquisition is at an all-time high in todayââ¬â¢s society, especially for women in hidden or illegal activities, such as drug-use and sex work (Beard et al. 2010). As a result of their hidden lifestyles, their children are at increased risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), especially due to the stigma surrounding the disease, keeping women from seeking services that could help both them and their children (Beard et al. 2010). The following paper explores the ways in which stigma acts as a barrier for women to seek testing and treatment for HIV/AIDS, as well as the psychosocial effects that stigma produces in these womenââ¬â¢s and their childrenââ¬â¢s lives. Although interventions have been introduced in theâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Women, especially those in sex work or those who use drugs, are vulnerable for acquiring HIV/AIDS, and risk passing on the virus to their children through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) (Beard e t al. 2010). The stigma doesnââ¬â¢t only affect women who use drugs or are sex workers, but it affects women worldwide who fear the discrimination they will face, not only from the community, but also from their families, if they are HIV-positive (UNAIDS, 2007). It is for this reason that women do not get tested, do not get treated, do not take preventative measures, and especially breastfeed their children because they fear that if someone were to see them feeding their children with formula, they would be suspected of having HIV/AIDS and fear the discrimination that would follow (Rankin et al., 2005). Not only does stigma act as a barrier to many services, it also inflicts negative psychological feelings and psychosocial effect for those who are, directly or indirectly, affected by HIV/AIDS (Lin et al., 2010). Interventions for stigma reduction have been introduced in the past, but the majority of them were only based on information provision about HIV/AIDS. We now know that si mply providing information is not sufficient in decreasing stigma (Harma et al.,2006). Community-based interventions and targeting human rights is necessary to get to the root of not onlyShow MoreRelatedThe Impacts of Mncs in the Economy of Bangladesh14643 Words à |à 59 Pagesresponsibility towards the people. There are around 100 MNCs(sourse:WWW.bangladeshdir.com) operating in Bangladesh. It is very difficult to collect data of all companies due to economic barriers, time shortage and less frankness of the respective companies at delivering relevant information. So to construct the seminar paper we have categorized all the existing companies into five sectors. They are banking sector, telecommunication sector, consumer products sector, pharmaceutical sector, and constructionRead MoreCase Study148348 Words à |à 594 PagesEducation is not responsible for the content of third party internet sites. ISBN: 978-0-273-73557-1 (printed) ISBN: 978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitte d in any form or by any means, electronicRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words à |à 604 Pagesweeks additional pay in profit sharing bonuses in some years. The test of the change is in the results. GE Fanucââ¬â¢s revenue is up women employees, who composed about three-fourths of the bankââ¬â¢s workers. As a result, several years later about one-fourth of all managers and executives are women. Similar attention also was focused on other diverse groups of employees. So that all employees were given opportunities to grow and learn, the Bank of Montrealââ¬â¢s Institute of Learning was established at a cost exceedingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pagesby Aptaraà ®, Inc. and printed and bound by Courier/Westford. The cover was printed by Courier/Westford. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright à © 2009, 2006, 2004, 2001, 1998, 1995, 1992, 1989, 1986, 1981, 1976 John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107Read MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words à |à 1056 Pagesassignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visual and audio resources, WileyPLUS gives you everything you need to personalize the teaching and learning experience. à » F i n d o u t h ow t o M A K E I T YO U R S à » www.wileyplus.com ALL THE HELP, RESOURCES, AND PERSONAL SUPPORT YOU AND YOUR STUDENTS NEED! 2-Minute Tutorials and all of the resources you your students need toRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words à |à 1617 PagesFrancisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Editor in Chief: Eric Svendsen Acquisitions Editor: Kim Norbuta Editorial Project Manager: Claudia Fernandes Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Marketing Assistant: Ian Gold Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Senior Production Project Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-4146826600431351722019-12-16T00:30:00.001-08:002019-12-16T00:30:05.783-08:00Stefanââ¬â¢s Diaries Origins Chapter 8 Free Essays Iââ¬â¢m not sure how long we stayed in the room together. The minutes ticked away on the grandfather clock in the corner, but all I was aware of was the rhythmic sound of Katherineââ¬â¢s breath, the way the light caught her angular jaw, the quick flick of the page as we looked through the book. I was dimly conscious of the fact that I needed to leave, soon, but whenever I thought of the music and the dancing and the plates of fried chicken and Rosalyn, I found myself literally unable to move. We will write a custom essay sample on Stefanââ¬â¢s Diaries: Origins Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now ââ¬Å"Youââ¬â¢re not reading!â⬠Katherine teased at one point, glancing up from The Mysteries of Mystic Falls. ââ¬Å"No, Iââ¬â¢m not.â⬠ââ¬Å"Why? Are you distracted?â⬠Katherine rose, her slender shoulders stretching as she reached up to place the book back on the shelf. She put it in the wrong spot, next to Fatherââ¬â¢s world geography books. ââ¬Å"Here,â⬠I murmured, reaching behind her to take the book and place it on the high shelf where it belonged. The smell of lemon and ginger surrounded me, making me feel wobbly and dizzy. She turned toward me. Our lips were mere inches apart, and suddenly the scent of her became nearly unbearable. Even though my head knew it was wrong, my heart screamed that Iââ¬â¢d never be complete if I didnââ¬â¢t kiss Katherine. I closed my eyes and leaned in until my lips grazed hers. For a moment, it felt as though my entire life had clicked into place. I saw Katherine running barefoot in the fields behind the guest house, me chasing after her, our young son slung over my shoulder. But then, entirely unbidden, an image of Penny, her throat torn out, floated through my mind. I pulled back instantly, as if struck by lightning. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m sorry!â⬠I said, leaning back and tripping against a small end table, stacked high with Fatherââ¬â¢s volumes. They fell to the floor, the sound muffled by the Oriental rugs. My mouth tasted like iron. What had I just done? What if my father had come in, eager to open the humidor with Mr. Cartwright? My brain whirled in horror. ââ¬Å"I have to â⬠¦ I have to go. I have to go find my fiancï ¿ ½e.â⬠Without a backward glance at Katherine and the stunned expression that was sure to be on her face, I fled the study and ran through the empty conservatory and toward the garden. Twilight was just beginning to fall. Coaches were setting off with mothers and young children as well as cautious revelers who were afraid of the animal attacks. Now was when the liquor would flow, the band would play more loudly, and girls would outdo themselves waltzing, intent to capture the eyes of a Confederate soldier from the nearby camp. I felt my breath returning to normal. No one knew where Iââ¬â¢d been, much less what I had done. I strode purposefully into the center of the party, as if Iââ¬â¢d simply been refilling my glass at the bar. I saw Damon sitting with other soldiers, playing a round of poker on the corner of the porch. Five girls were squeezed onto the porch swing, giggling and talking loudly. Father and Mr. Cartwright were walking toward the labyrinth, each holding a whiskey and gesturing in an animated fashion, no doubt talking about the benefits of the Cartwright-Salvatore merger. ââ¬Å"Stefan!â⬠I felt a hand clap my back. ââ¬Å"We were wondering where the guests of honor were. No respect for their elders,â⬠Robert said jovially. ââ¬Å"Rosalynââ¬â¢s still not here?â⬠I asked. ââ¬Å"Y know how girls are. They have to look just ou right, especially if theyââ¬â¢re celebrating their impending marriage,â⬠Robert said. His words rang true, yet an unexplainable shiver of fear rushed down my spine. Was it just me, or had the sun set remarkably quickly? The revelers on the lawn had changed to shadowy figures in the five minutes since Iââ¬â¢d been outside, and I couldnââ¬â¢t make out Damon within the group in the corner. Leaving Robert behind, I elbowed my way past the party guests. It was odd for a girl to not show up at her own party. What if, somehow, sheââ¬â¢d come into the house and sheââ¬â¢d seen â⬠¦ But that was impossible. The door had been closed, the shades drawn. I walked briskly toward the servantsââ¬â¢ quarters near the pond, where the servants were having their own party, to see if Rosalynââ¬â¢s coachman had arrived. The moon reflected off the water, casting an eerie, greenish glow on the rocks and willow trees surrounding the pond. The grass was wet with dew, and still trampled from the time when Damon, Katherine, and I had played football there. The knee-high mist made me wish I were wearing my boots instead of my dress shoes. I squinted. At the base of the willow tree, where Damon and I had spent hours climbing as children, was a shadowy lump on the ground, like a large, gnarled tree root. Only I didnââ¬â¢t remember a tree root in that spot. I squinted again. For a moment, I wondered if it could be a pair of intertwined lovers, trying to escape prying eyes. I smiled despite myself. At least someone had found love at this party. But then the clouds shifted, and a shaft of moonlight illuminated the treeââ¬âand the form beneath it. I realized with a sickening jolt that the shape wasnââ¬â¢t two lovers in mid-embrace. It was Rosalyn, my betrothed, her throat torn out, her eyes half open, staring up at the tree branches as if they held the secret to a universe she no longer inhabited. How to cite Stefanââ¬â¢s Diaries: Origins Chapter 8, Essay examples Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-72308466724582607892019-12-07T21:13:00.001-08:002019-12-07T21:13:04.910-08:00Dealer by Foxing free essay sample Foxing, the quintet from St. Louis, Missouri, lay on the spectrum of the classified emo genre, touching on post-rock elements with this undefined essence. Really, to give them a genre to fall under seems demeaning, because their collaborations are everything but parallel to other underground bands that follow within their position virally. Releasing their second album, Dealer, was a shot in the dark, as their two year-old pioneering album The Albatross emerged from simple links. The outcome was like finding a slab of gold under the bed of the ocean, because it was just so original and gave you that pearlescent breath of fresh air when it came to skimming through music blogs. To this day, fans still come to Foxingââ¬â¢s shows just to scream lyrics to tracks on their first album, like ââ¬Å"The Medicâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Inuitâ⬠. Opening to Dealerââ¬â¢s release at the end of October, I was generally excited and anticipated for this stirring group to return with something comple tely off-tracked from The Albatross. We will write a custom essay sample on Dealer by Foxing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I thought, ââ¬Å"It would still be enlightening to revive the mysterious album, but it would be even better if they grew out of the stage of repetition.â⬠First listening to Foxing around the time of their arrival to Triple Crown Records, I discovered the difference of sound they portrayed; faint lyrics from the vocalist Conor Murphy, but ambient crescendos into raw alluring melodies that just make the everyday man ponder. But the instrumental components, however, is the part I always tend to pivot on in the delicacy of music. You get lost in the clean duo of rhythm and melodic licks on their reverbed guitars that peek into the scene like rays of sunlight shifting to a window. On this now-illuminated floor, you find the drummer keeping the natural flow of instrumentation in order, then the scintillas of synth and modulations sweeping into the scenery. With all honesty, thatââ¬â¢s the feeling I got when listening to The Albatross all the way through. So naturally, when I dis covered the announcement that new material was in the works, I sparked up, and thought about the times I sat alone and gave their first record a spin. However, this isnââ¬â¢t about The Albatross, no matter how important it is to mention within the bandââ¬â¢s discography. Before the streaming of Dealer, they released the single ââ¬Å"The Magdaleneâ⬠in the summer, and it was a surprise to find it while listening to them one day towards the middle of August. I came in to the assumption that it would sound ridiculously similar to the tracks in the previous album, but that wasnââ¬â¢t the outcome. ââ¬Å"The Magdaleneâ⬠touches discretely on Conorââ¬â¢s experience with his revoke on Catholicismââ¬â¢s practices; primarily to sexual aspirations before marriage. The divulgence of the lyrics gave light to the first significant change. The Albatross went through content more metaphorical, concealing some of the actuality to give listeners the upper hand at finding th eir personal touch on it more believably. ââ¬Å"The Magdaleneâ⬠picks out a very specific scene in the first stanza of lyrics, being the frameworks of guilt from faith while disobeying practices. ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢m going down with the rosary/ Tongue pressed on guilt, from a dove in my teethâ⬠revealing the guilt of faith through something that appears to exert more pleasure over sin. Aside from the meaning, first hearing the track, it started with the wonderful melody of Eric Hudsonââ¬â¢s rhythm with the low roar of Josh Collââ¬â¢s bass. Jon Hellwig follows behind with his bass pedal. The magic then happens when the transition comes into view with Conor Murphyââ¬â¢s more matured sense of singing. The change was so notable, you could think of him as a new vocalist, because the rawness wasnââ¬â¢t so entropic, but clean and organized. It was a very enticing refinement, and not a reason for disappointment. Ricky Sampson hides behind all of the magic, just forming a mbiance within the collaborating members, with guitar leads coated in reverb and opaque delay to seep you into the song much further. Overall, the song is just well composed, with extraordinary meaning, let alone have the catchy line ââ¬Å"when they unravel the webs that Iââ¬â¢ve spun, what shall be undone?â⬠that keeps you asking to hear Murphy sing that beautiful line more and more. Another single came out within a couple weeks before Dealerââ¬â¢s arrival, which was ââ¬Å"Weaveâ⬠, and was streaming on The Wall Street Journal, which is extremely weighty for a band like Foxing. Unfortunately, the song didnââ¬â¢t hit me as hard as ââ¬Å"The Magdaleneâ⬠, mainly being the fact that the songââ¬â¢s dynamics didnââ¬â¢t stun me as a typical Foxing track would. But, as I looked within the meaning of the song, it turns out to be their ââ¬Å"officialâ⬠exit from The Albatross. It made more sense, and I appreciated this audible connotation. The instrument al was speaking its adieu to me, opening themselves to the new horizons that are not yet revealed in the upcoming tracks. I began to love it more than ever before. As these two songs kept my elation going, Foxing announces its full album stream a week or so before the physical copies and its release on iTunes. I could not contain myself to not listen to this album, so I found the stream and listened to the whole composition. Dealer was a darker turn for the group than ever before. The songs were slower and more heart-wrenching than The Albatross, which could be an appreciative change for some fans while others might fully disapprove of the alter, but everyone is entitled to a difference of taste. Upon my first listen, I didnââ¬â¢t get to appreciate the tracks as much as I wish I had, because it was a mass of songs that were difficult to interpret upon a single listen and a brisk transition to the next. Itââ¬â¢s an album you really have to give more than one listen to appreciat e the incremental aspects of it. The one that always appeals to me is Sampsonââ¬â¢s element of bright leads to clash with the saddening rhythms. Upon first listen, you set your attention to Conor Murphy and his style of singing, before you really analyze the composition of everything else. Of course, in the instrumental tracks like ââ¬Å"Winding Clothâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Codaâ⬠, thatââ¬â¢s not the case. The themes of the album circulate to God, guilt, and love, creating this mental battle of self-destruction from things one could have avoided, but couldnââ¬â¢t refrain. ââ¬Å"The Magdaleneâ⬠refers to all of these elements with a personal look at Murphyââ¬â¢s younger love life. As you delve more into Dealer, youââ¬â¢ll come across the track ââ¬Å"Night Channelsâ⬠, a track that enters with ambience and the solemn chords on a piano with Conorââ¬â¢s slow reflection on himself and his failure to refrain from the venereal aspects of love, which many can i n fact relate to. Another track, ââ¬Å"Indicaâ⬠, comes from bassist Josh Coll about his experience in the Army and the post-traumatic stress that enveloped afterwards. The album is undoubtedly different from the direction they were in while creating The Albatross, but in a more mature and defined pace. After listening and interpreting the songs, it makes you really feel closer to the members of the band, as if you are more than acquainted. It can be shown that Foxing loves doing what they do, and they take the time to make something that changes the lives of some or just please the feelings of others. This album will guarantee-ably take you away from life through headphones, and it will draw you a picture of the members through their flaws and abilities to express them beautifully. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-57515519653777023602019-11-30T08:55:00.001-08:002019-11-30T08:55:04.353-08:00Marie Curie Essays - Marie Curie, Nobel Laureates In Physics Marie Curie The year was 1919. Europe had been ravaged by World War I, and radium was far too expensive for a scientist of modest means to afford for experiments, even one as famous as Madame Marie Curie. As a result, Madame Curie's ground-breaking research had reached a virtual standstill... For my biography, I chose Marie Curie. Marie Curie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland as Manya Sklodowska. She was not only a great chemist, famous for her work on radioactivity, but she broke boundaries for woman also. In fact with the help of her husband, Pierre, made up that word. Madame Curie who was the first woman to win a Nobel Peace Prize won two for her work in Physics and Chemistry. Her family was one that took for good education. For this reason, she left Poland and went to Paris to study mathematics, chemistry and physics. She studied at the Sorbonne and in 1891, she became the first woman to teach there. While she was in France, she took to their way of spelling her name, Marie. Around that time she met Pierre Curie who taught physics at the University of Paris. They soon started to conduct research on radioactive substances and before long they got married. In 1903, the Curies, along with, Antoine Henri Bacquerel, a French physicist won the Nobel Peace Prize for their discoveries in Physics. Madame Marie continued working on radioactive elements and won the 1911 Nobel Prize for chemistry for isolating radium and studying its chemical properties. In 1914, Madame Curie helped found the Radium Institute in Paris, and was the Institute's first director. In 1934 she died of leukemia that was probably induced by the extensive exposure to high levels of radiation involved by her studies. In dedication to her death, the Radium Institute was renamed the Curie Institute in her honor. Biographies Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-30397645718128889872019-11-26T02:41:00.001-08:002019-11-26T02:41:06.742-08:00Endings for Latin Verbs in the IndicativeEndings for Latin Verbs in the Indicative Latin has different endings for the 3 persons singular and the 3 person plural. The standard order for a paradigm for verbs progresses from 1st to 2nd to 3rd person in a column, starting with the singular. The plural is often in a second column to the right of the singulars, but on this page, it is below the singulars. There is a separate ending for a singular you and a plural you think, you all. Both are 2nd person. The 3rd person singular default subject is he, but a 3rd person can also be used for a female or a neuter subject. First personI or weSecond personyouThird personhe (she or it) and they. The singularsI, you singular, and he (she or it).The pluralswe, you plural, and they. Verbs can be active, with the subject the agent of the act (e.g., laudoI praise) or they can be passive, with the subject acted upon (e.g., amaturhe is loved). Active Singular Endings -o, -m-s-t Active Plural -mus-tis-nt Passive Singular -or, -r-ris-tur Passive Plural -mur-mini-ntur Perfect Active Endings Singular -i-isti-it Plural -imus-istis-erunt Pluperfect Active Endings Singular -eram-eras-erat Plural -eramus-eratis-erant Future Perfect Active Endings Singular -ero-eris-erit Plural -erimus-eritis-erint See: Paradigm of a 1st Conjugation Regular VerbParadigm of a 2nd Conjugation Regular VerbParadigm of a 3rd Conjugation Regular VerbParadigm of a 4th Conjugation Regular Verb Index of Quick Tips on Latin Verbs Latin SupineLatin ImperativesLatin InfinitivesLatin Verbs - Person and NumberLatin Words - Where Do You Add on Endings?Passive Periphrastic Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-84132990964914653292019-11-22T10:04:00.001-08:002019-11-22T10:04:06.103-08:00Review My LinkedIn e-book on Amazon.com - And Win!Review My LinkedIn e-book on Amazon.com - And Win! My e-book, LinkedIn Power Tune-Up, has been very popular for a long time in its current pdf format. It has now been renamed and repackaged as How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profileà and 18 Common Mistakes to Avoid now available in Kindle format from Amazon.com! I would be thrilled if you would purchase the book and encourage your friends to do so as well! And I have an even more pressing request. Many of you have already read my book. I would be most appreciative if you would take five minutes to write a review and post it on Amazon. Post a Review Here. As a special incentive, when you send me a link to your review, your name will be entered into a bi-annual drawing for a $50 Amazon gift card! You will also be entered into my monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value check it out here). My publishers tell me that good reviews are the key to success when it comes to selling e-books on Amazon. So Im hoping you will jump in and add your voice to the community of people who have found value in what I offer. I want as many people as possible to have access to the essential information in How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile so that they, like you, can find success in their LinkedIn networking efforts. If you havent read my book yet, please consider purchasing it on Amazonà or just sign up for my e-list to get the pdf preview for FREE! Questions or comments on my book? Please post in the comments! And thanks in advance for spreading the word about the value of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile. Category:Archived ArticlesBy Brenda BernsteinFebruary 27, 2012 2 Comments Jestine says: December 16, 2013 at 11:37 am Howdy! I realize this is kind of off-topic however I had to ask. Does operating a well-established website such as yours take a lot of work? I am completely new to writing a blog however I do write in my journal on a daily basis. Id like to start a blog so I will be able to share my own experience and thoughts online. Please let me know if you have any kind of suggestions or tips for new aspiring bloggers. Thankyou! Feel free to surf to my page :: seo (Jestine) Log in to Reply The Essay Expert says: December 17, 2013 at 8:27 am Hi Jestine, my advice would be to put on your seatbelt! Yes, maintaining a blog in the long term takes a lot of work. If you want to build a significant list of followers, you will probably need to create a product or program to give away in exchange for signing up for your blog. And youll need to create unique content on a consistent basis. Of course if you are writing the blog as a self-expression and you are not looking to build a large audience, that makes things a lot easier! Log in to Reply Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-34847430348814583052019-11-20T22:32:00.001-08:002019-11-20T22:32:07.499-08:00Marketing Management at Kelloggs Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1Marketing Management at Kelloggs Company - Essay Example Thatââ¬â¢s why Kellogg makes sure that her products are of high quality and also likable to the customers. Marketing has constantly been seeking those points that customers are easily influenced. For decades, these points have been regarded through the allegory of a ââ¬Å"funnelâ⬠ââ¬â customers start with a variety of prospective brands at the funnelââ¬â¢s wide end. Marketing activities are then embarked on so as the customers reduce the number of brands to one of their choice. Each day, individuals form intuitions of products from ââ¬Å"touchâ⬠points such as product experiences, advertisements, among others. However, the exposure may appear wasted unless active shopping is witnessed from the consumers. All in all, when the impulse to buy is triggered the initial-consideration set is shaped The initial-consideration set is methodically narrowed, as proposed by funnel correlation, when the customers think about the available options, make judgment, and acquire products. Subsequently, the post sale stage turns into a trial era that determines customer loyalty and the possibility of purchasing the product for the second time. Pushing marketing towards the customers at every phase of the funnel progression has been the goal of every marketer. This is in an attempt to persuade their buying behaviour (Porter 1998). Earlier on, companies used to drive marketing by pushing on customers through direct marketing, traditional advertising, and other channels. At each stage in the funnel, as customers carved down their brand alternatives, marketers would try to influence their decisions. This inexact approach habitually failed to reach the consumer effectively. Making long term and continued relationships with the customer is refereed to as relationship marketing. Kelloggââ¬â¢s should take the opportunity of converting the sales of Coco Pops Choc N Roll Cereal into productive (long-tem) relationship Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-10748979094373441452019-11-19T03:25:00.001-08:002019-11-19T03:25:03.422-08:00Victims of Organizational Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 wordsVictims of Organizational Crime - Essay Example Organizational crime is examined and prosecuted by the federal and state administrations. For most individuals, organizational crime is not observed as a crime at all, for the reason of its non-violent nature. Violent crime has an instant and apparent effect on its victims that raises the consideration of the public, whereas organizational crime repeatedly goes unnoticed or is observed as a bending of the rules. Organizational crime; on the other hand, can have more of an impact than violent crimes. The victim of a violent crime can recuperate, where as the victim of organizational crime can have immeasurable impact that can destroy one's home, family, and even life. The genuine problem behind organizational crime is not defining organizational crime, but developing the suitable means to correct this type of crime. Organizational crimes offenders are much more likely to be employed steadily than conventional criminals and are slightly less likely to be unemployed than the general public. Organizational crimes offenders are better educated than either conventional criminals or the general public. Organizational crimes offenders are more likely to be male and white than conventional offenders. Organizational crimes offenders are generally older than either conventional criminals or the general public. Organizational crimes offenders are much better off financially than conventional criminals, but not as well off as the general public. Organizational crimes offenders are more likely to have a prior arrest than the general public, but less likely than conventional criminals. A victim of organizational crime should gather and save all documentation that directly relates to the losses. If an arrest is made and a conviction is attained, the judge will think requiring the offender to pay victim for restitution. Victims of organizational crimes experience varying level of emotional trauma. A victim of organizational crime may feel some or all of the following: 1) Annoyance, antipathy, and a sense of infidelity toward the criminal for taking advantage of one. 2) Aggravation with criminal justice experts. 3) Disgrace, humiliation, and guilt if one feels one contributed to one's victimization. (Weisburd, et. al. 2001) Some victims find it helpful to seek the services of a counseling professional, clergy member, or advocacy organization. Contact your victim/witness coordinator if you need help in locating such services. A number of states, including Washington, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Rhode Island, Florida, and Oklahoma, have enacted Victims' Bills of Rights. These states have provided victims of crimes the right to be informed of state victim compensation programs, to be treated with dignity and compassion, to be provided with counseling and other forms of assistance by agencies established specifically to serve crime victims and to have certain procedural rights in the prosecution of the crime in which they were victimized, including the right to be notified of important developments in the case and to be heard on such questions as sentencing and parole. Although judges have long had the power to order organizational crime offenders to pay restitution to their victims, for a variety of Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-60672070379299921922019-11-16T15:56:00.001-08:002019-11-16T15:56:03.875-08:00Gambling and Pathological Problem Essay Example for Free Gambling and Pathological Problem Essay Prior to the case studies and research reports by known psychologist of our time, gambling is see as an act of passing away the time in a friendly atmosphere of playing for money. When gambling is becoming a habit for someone, gambling started to connote as an act that is bad, especially when the person involved in gambling bets his money allocated for the need of his family for food and rent. This connotation would only come in such cases that are already of the extreme. But basically gambling is seen then, as it is right now, as a way of diversion from the strain of necessity of daily living. This is one the reasons why governments allowed the buildings of casinos and the existence of other forms of gambling wherein people can bet and probably win huge sum of money. On the other hand, when is the time when one could say one is pathological gambler? This question has been an issue that has been asked and a subject of inquiry of many psychologists and scientists. Or is there really such a thing as a pathological gambler? When can we assume that a person is already suffering from a pathological disease called gambling? Gambling as a Pathology: History It is only during the advent of twentieth century when there rose an interest from the part of psychoanalysts on the act of gambling (Rosenthal, 2003). Starting in 1914, these scientists contributed enormous case studies, research reports, and speculative essays by which patients marked as gamblers were identified as gabling addicts. The most prominent of these psychoanalysts was Freud who displayed a particular interest in to why people would consciously seek for themselves a way to repeatedly engage in a self-destructive gambling behavior. He believed that these gamblers are not really for the money per se when they participate in a gambling game but they gamble for the sake of gambling itself, which psychologists term now as ââ¬Å"the action. â⬠It was Freud who labeled gambling as an addiction, forming a triad along with alcohol and illegal drugs (Freud, 2002). On a cursory look at the state by which gamblers go on with their habit, we can thus say that gamblers, one way or another, is a participant in the process by which they abuse themselves by going to casino everyday to lose huge money, which include probably money allocated for their rent and food. As the years went on, concern about gambling tended to give more focus on the gamblerââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"personal attributesâ⬠rather on the economic and social consequences of the act. Those who are involved with gambling began to be considered as problem gamblers. If the gamblerââ¬â¢s problem with his habit becomes chronic, the ââ¬Å"problem gamblerâ⬠was seen already as a ââ¬Å"compulsive gamblerâ⬠. This term ââ¬Å"compulsive gamblerâ⬠is the early term used to describe pathological gambler according to National Research Council (U. S. ). Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Gambling Pathology: Effects The best definition concerning the problem of gambling that has reached wide acceptance in the world, particularly Australia, as mentioned by Hsu (2005): ââ¬Å"the situation when a personââ¬â¢s gambling activity gives rise to harm to the individual player, and/or to his or her family, and may extend into community. â⬠In Australia for example as reported by Productivity Commission (1999) there is an estimated 1% of the Australian population who has a severe problem with gambling. An additional 1. 1% have moderate problem; thus creating a 2. 1% of problem gamblers in the whole Australia. Basing from the definition cited above, the pathology of gambling can be widespread and creates a great impact on the individual. The personal consequences of having a problem with gambling according to Leseiur (1996 cited in Hsu, 2005) can be depression, insomnia, anxiety attacks, cardiac problem, intestinal disorders, high blood pressure, migraine and suicidal tendencies. He mentioned that the family of the problem gambler can also bear the cost of, in particular the financial burden. When the problem gambler gets into debt because of his/her unmitigated habit or addiction to gambling, this would mean less family expenditures, overdue bills, utilities being cut off, personal or family belongings being sold or repossessed, or on an extreme case the family is left homeless (Hsu, 2005). Gambling Pathology: Psychology Over the past several years there has been a collective effort to understand the psychology of problem gamblers. The focus of these case studies and researches focus on the role of negative effect, personality factors, concurrent disorders, sex differences and role of cognitions. The relationship of pathological gambling with the depressive mood state of the person is probably one of the most seen predispositions as to becoming a problem gambler. The studies in this area have produced somewhat conflicting results. The reason for his is because some of the case studies failed to find any connection with depression to gambling. Yet, at the same time, there are research reports that stated otherwise. These reports found that there is a co-occurrence of depression to the problem of gambling. At the same time, there are studies that discovered that there is a link between gambling and anxiety or obsessive-compulsiveness. This involves the psychological process of the person wherein he gives a lot of time developing gambling strategies and gaming behavior. Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that problem gamblers get a high score significantly on measures concerning obsessive-compulsiveness. People with obsessive-compulsive behavior have excessive preoccupation with gambling-related thoughts. In the case of Frost et al. (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) they experimented with obsessive-compulsive factors in lottery and resulted to the confirmation of Blaszczynski (2005 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) findings: that pathological gamblers display more symptoms of being obsessive-compulsiveness. Meanwhile, there is concluding evidence that there is a relationship between gambling behavior and oneââ¬â¢s desire for excitement arousal. This psychological aspect of problem gamblers has received an equivocal empirical support according to Toneatto and Millar (2004). Nevertheless, there are still results that come up with contrary findings regarding the aspect of desire for an aroused state. The explanation to these conflicting results is that sensation seeking level of every gambler differs across gambling activities. One more thing is that since gambling is not a homogeneous activity, the desire for an arousal of sensation may be more prominent or greater in some types of gambling activities than others. Moreover, sensation seeking on the part of the gamblers may be a state rather than a trait. On the other hand, the hypothesis of there is an association between impulsivity and disordered gambling follows with natural ease from being included in the list of pathological gambling among the list of impulse disorder as stated by Toneatto and Millar (2004). There are research reports that demonstrated that pathological gamblers get higher score on indices of impulsivity as compared with research control subjects. Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that impulsivity could be conceptualized and measured as a multi-faceted construct that take into account the such behaviors as orientation to the present, decreased in the ability to delay gratification, behavioral disinhibition, too much risk and sensation seeking, proneness to boredom, and lastly poor planning abilities by the problem gambler. There are also results from other significant research reports that identify relationships between gambling pathology and mental health disorders, particularly those of substance use disorders, mood disorders, personality disorders and ADHD. Petry (2001 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) discovered that subjects who have a history or background of substance abuse and had gambling problem reported increased levels of somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. In the meantime, according to a more recent case study performed by Ladd and Perry (2003 cited in Toneatto and Millar, 2004) stated that problem gamblers with history of undergoing treatment for substance abuse has reported to be suffering from depression, hallucinations, suicidal ideation and attempts. They also have difficulty controlling violent behavior as compared with pathological gamblers who had no previous history of being treated for substance abuse. Conclusion The study on the issue of a problem gambler just started during the advent of the 20th Century and this subject has been the favorite subject of psychoanalyst. Freud (2003) labeled it as a form of addiction and part of the triad which includes alcohol and illicit drugs. This addiction would later be termed as compulsive gambling which will later on evolved into a more specific kind of behavior called pathological gambling. The are case studies that tried to explain the psychology of a pathological gambler and experts discovered that these individuals exhibit certain degree of obsessive-compulsiveness and other personality behavior. Another point that must be understood is that these person are usually seeking sensation arousal when they commit themselves to gamble. References: Freud, S. (2002). The Psychopathology of Everyday Life. Penguin Group, New York Hsu, C. (2005). Casino Industry in Asia Pacific: Development, Operation, and Impact. Haworth Press, Binghampton National Research Council (U. S. ). Committee on the Social and Economic Impact of Pathological Gambling (1999). Pathological Gambling: A Critical Review. National Academy Press, Washington, D. C. Productivity Commission (1999). Australiaââ¬â¢s Gambling Industries. Vol. 1-3 Rosenthal, R. (2003). Dual Dianosis. Brunner-Routledge, New York Toneatto, T. and Millar, G. (2004). Assessing and Treating Problem Gambling: Empirical Status and Promising Trends. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Vol 49 (8), 417-525 Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2084699257308824249.post-47481097244287604982019-11-14T04:27:00.001-08:002019-11-14T04:27:03.416-08:00The Afterpiece Essay -- English Theater PlayletThe Afterpiece: How and Why "Afterpieces were short, humorous playlets which followed the five act main attraction and concluded the theatrical evening in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries" (Bevis vii). During the eighteenth century the afterpiece became a fixture of the English theatre, but double billing was not a practice unique to English theatre. It was done in France during the late seventeenth century and probably had been experimented with elsewhere. But the afterpiece in England is believed to have originated independently of the French practice (Origins 58). The regular presentation of afterpieces began out of economic necessity and was continued after it was found to be a great asset to British theatre not only economically but artistically. During the rule of James I, the work day of the working and business classes ended well after the theatre evening had begun. It became customary for members of the working class to attend the last two acts of a play without having to pay anything for admission. The managers of the London theaters didn't view this late free admission as a problem and never attempted to dissuade people from taking advantage of it, but by the time Charles II took the throne theaters were losing profits by allowing it. After Dorset Garden and Drury Lane merged in 1682, the decision was made to begin charging those who came only for the second half of the show. Londoners could attend the last two acts of a five act play for a fraction of the price (Origins 53-54). Of course, after years of being admitted for free, there must have been many complaints from those who felt that they shouldn't have to pay if they were not going to see a complete performance of a piece. But, since there was only o... ...hose receipts (after house charges) went to the actor, actress, author or theatre employee whose `night' it was (Bevis xi). Works Cited Bevis, Richard W. Eighteenth Century Drama: Afterpieces. London: Oxford University Press, 1970. Hotson, Leslie. The Commonwealth and Restoration Stage. New York: Russell & Russell Inc., 1928. Jason, Phillip K. "The Afterpiece: Authors and Incentives," in Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research, 12 (1973), 1-13. Jason, Phillip K. "The Afterpiece: Origins and Early Development," in Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research, 1 (1986), 53-62. Lawrence, W.J. Old Theatre Days and Ways. London: George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1935. Annotated Loftis, John. Steele at Drury Lane. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1952. Roose-Evans, James. London Theatre. Oxford: Phaidon Press Limited, 1977. Addisyn Cornishhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13600170108094629403noreply@blogger.com0